下列人物中，发明地动仪的是(　　)。

教师答疑时，能迅速灵活地提取脑中知识，以解决学生当前的问题。这体现了记忆品质的(   )。

属于开环核苷类抗病毒药(   )。

抗肿瘤药物临床应用实行分级管理，根据安全性、可及性、经济性等因素，将抗肿瘤药物分为限制使用级和（ ）

支气管扩张大咯血的原因是

急性毛细支气管炎(喘憋性肺炎)的主要病原体是(     )

《礼记•学记》有云：“建国君民，教学为先。”下列教育家对于教育目的的理论观点与之一致的是（    ）。

有助于鉴别再生障碍性贫血与急性白血病的是（    ）

王老师大学毕业后自愿到西部少数民族地区工作，根据《中华人民共和国教师法》的规定，应该依法对王老师(   )

Passage 2

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you' re unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything, that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list(around six hundred) with the number of new graduates(about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire-why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest of the humanities-at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less elite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid-seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer, about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago. But all that expansion changed colleges.

In the past, they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts. Now, to attract middle-class students, colleges had to offer more career-focused majors, in fields like business, communications, and health care. As a result, humanities departments have found themselves drifting away from the center of the university. Today, they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury, paid for by dynamic, cheap, and growing programs in, say, adult-education. These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they' re why, while education as a whole is growing, the humanities aren't.

Given all this, what can an English department do? The M.L.A. report contains a number of suggestions. Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: "Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years."That will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler. At the same time, graduate students are encouraged to "broaden" themselves: to "engage more deeply with technology"; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects, such as project management and grant writing, which might be of value outside of academia. Graduate programs, the committee suggests, should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenured, or even non-academic, careers. They should keep track of what happens to their graduates, so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.

What does the author mean by saying "that's wildly optimistic" in Paragraph 2?

属于高选择性非肽类血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体抑制的药物是（）