构成传染病流行过程的三个环节是
参考答案
参考解析
【单选题】
在幼儿园心理环境的创设中，下列哪一项因素最为关键( )。
幼儿园的硬件设施和玩具种类
教师与幼儿之间的积极互动和情感支持
幼儿园内墙面装饰的颜色和图案
幼儿园教职工数量
【单选题】
Passage1
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
What can we know about viruses and bacteria from the fourth paragraph?
Viruses often remain hidden in the environment.
Bacteria are passed to other people by the infected individual.
The lonely people can catch viruses more easily.
Viruses pose a greater threat to the gregarious than bacteria.
【A1型选择题】
关于情绪、情感的作用表述不正确的是（ ）
积极的情绪、情感有助于工作效率的提高
消极的情绪、情感会影响工作效率
只有在身心放松的状态下才能发挥最佳工作效率
情绪是心身联系的纽带，临床上许多常见病都与不良情绪有关
人际情感一旦形成就不易改变
【单选题】
患者，男，64岁，身高174cm，体重92kg。既往有高血压、高脂血症及心肌梗死病史。近日因反复胸闷就诊。临床处方：阿司匹林肠溶片、辛伐他汀片、特拉唑嗪片、氨氯地平片、曲美他嗪片、单硝酸异山梨酯注射液。
该患者使用的药物中有协调降压作用的是（ ）
特拉唑嗪片、氨氯地平片、阿司匹林肠溶片
特拉唑嗪片、氨氯地平片、单硝酸异山梨酯注射液
特拉唑嗪片、氨氯地平片、辛伐他汀片
特拉唑嗪片、辛伐他汀片、阿司匹林肠溶片
氨氯地平片、曲美他嗪片、单硝酸异山梨酯注射液
