某中学，2/3的学生出现腹泻，伴恶心、呕吐，原因不明。
为查找腹泻病因及流行的线索，首要进行的研究为

上述各项，可出现颈项强直的是（    ）

女，55岁 。进行性呼吸困难2个月，心界向两侧扩大，心率120次／分 。Ewart征阳性，应立即采取的措施是

银行业金融机构不按照规定提供报表、报告等文件、资料的，由银行业监督管理机构责令改正，逾期不改正的，处（）罚款。

发明了世界上最早测定地震方位的地动仪的是（　　）。

设备管道保冷层施工中，如采用一种保冷制品，当层厚大于（    ）时，应分两层或多层逐层施工。

某种附息国债面额为100元，票面利率为5.21%，市场利率为4.89%，期限为3年，每年付息1次，则该国债的内在价值为（   ）元。

常用于治疗吐血、衄血等血证的腧穴是(     )

患者，女，39岁。因消化性溃疡入院治疗，病情稳定后准备出院。护士对其进行用药指导时错误的是（  ）

良性高血压脑出血,血管破裂常发生于（）。

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

When countries become industrialized, _______.