教育对社会的促进作用归根结底还是要实现()
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患者男,58岁。右小腿静脉显露伴酸胀感12年,站立时明显,卧后消失。检查见右小腿前内侧有团状静脉可见,足靴区有色素沉着,皮肤增厚、脱屑,内踝处有直径2cm溃疡,周围有湿疹样炎症。
该患者目前首选的治疗方法是
当一个三岁的孩子在纸上乱涂乱画的时候,教师正确的做法应该是( )。
女,4个月。体重5kg。腹泻3天,每日7~8次,蛋花汤样、无腥臭,奶后呕吐2次。面色稍苍白,上腭裂,精神较差,皮肤稍干燥,眼窝、前囟凹陷,皮下脂肪0.3cm,皮肤弹性较差,哭有泪。四肢末梢较冷,血清钠128mmol/L。第一天补液总量应为每千克体重补充( )
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Passage1
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
What message does Dr. Cole seem to convey by the mechanism?