少量咯血是指每日咯血量

男，35岁。2小时前从3米高处跌下，右腰部撞击到硬物上，当即感到腰部剧烈疼痛，随后出现肉眼血尿。查体：P120/分，BP80/50mmHg，右腰部瘀血，触痛明显。血Hb86g/L。B超显示右肾影增大。
右肾损伤的病理类型是

Passage1

There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world, that's an internal motive, since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research. If she conducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown, that's an instrumental motive, since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent. Often, people have both for doing things.

What mix of motives-internal or instrumental or both-is most conducive to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve renown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. Surely two motives are better than one. But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, instrumental motives are not always an asset and can actually be counterproductive to success.

We analyzed data drawn from 11,320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point, all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influenced their decision to attend the academy. The motives included things like a desire to get a good job later in life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army.

How did the cadets fare, years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives for attending West Point?

We found, unsurprisingly, that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point, the more likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers. Also unsurprisingly, cadets with internal motives did better in the military(as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)

than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after their five years of mandatory service.

Remarkably, cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones. They were less likely to graduate, less outstanding as military officers and less committed to staying in the military.

Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives. Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of their work, rather than on, say, the financial returns it will bring, may be the best way to improve not only the quality of their work but also their financial success.

There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools are available to recruit participants or improve performance. If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs, then perhaps appeals to "money for college," "career training" or "seeing the world" will do the job. While this strategy may lure more recruits, it may also yield worse soldiers. Similarly, for students uninterested in learning, financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them to participate, but it may result in less well-educated students.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "cadets" in Paragraph 3?

短期借款中的信贷限额是银行对借款人规定的(  )。

治疗肝郁气滞证、久疟痞块，应首选的药物是（   ）

男，44岁。近11年间断出现情绪低落，郁闷，对以往喜欢的事情丧失兴趣；胃不舒服，食欲减退；睡眠差，主要为早醒；脑子反应迟钝，记忆力下降，工作效率低，伴有躯体不适，感觉浑身无力、头痛；存在悲观厌世的心态；曾多次自杀未遂，每次发作持续1～4个月；缓解期生活、工作如常，近一个月复发，症状表现如既往发作，但更严重。

针对该患者，首选的治疗是（     ）。

债券市场是一种（）市场。

ETF本质上是封闭基金，因此可以在交易所内挂牌买卖。（  ）

A因听力下降，决定去某药品零售企业购买一台助听器。选购时，发现不同助听器的注册证号有不同的格式：国械注进2015246××××号、沪食药监械(准)2012第216××××、京药监械(准)2012第246××××等。为此专门请教该药店值班药师，并购买了其中一款，使用两天后，A发现该助听器存在质量问题，遂到该药店要求退货及赔偿。A要求药店退货并赔偿损失，体现出消费者具有（    ）

起重机械失稳的原因不包括（  ）。

A公司按照规定在公司内部设立了审计委员会，任命王某为审计委员会主任，关于审计委员会的职责，下列说法错误的是（ ）。