下列可以有效增加难溶性药物溶解度、提高生物利用度的方式中,不属于增加难溶性药物溶解度的方法是
患者,女,64 岁。因左乳腺肿物入院,对该肿物行穿刺活检术,诊断为乳腺癌。行左乳癌保乳根治术和腋窝前哨淋巴结清扫术,术后肿物病理显示雌激素和孕激素受体阳性。患者已绝经,准备进行术后药物治疗。该患者拟使用的辅助化疗方案是多柔比星 + 环磷酰胺 + 紫杉醇,考虑到紫杉醇注射给药。
除上述化疗外,该患者还接受了曲妥珠单抗治疗,该单克隆抗体可在体内靶向分布,具有高度特异性,但需明确适应证、关注相关不良反应。关于曲妥珠单抗用药注意事项的说法,错误的是( )
在完成人表皮生长因子受体 - 2 基因筛查前,可经验性用药
与蒽环类合用时,心脏不良反应风险增加
与环磷酰胺合用时,心脏不良反应风险增加
治疗中应评估左心室功能
高血压患者慎用
即使未到重估周期,也应对押品价值进行重新评估的情形不包括( )。
Passage2
Old stereotypes diehard. Picture a video-game player and you will likely imagine a teenage boy, byhimself, compulsively hammering away at a game involving rayguns and aliensthat splatter when blasted. Ten years ago that might have borne some relationto reality. But today a gamer is as likely to be a middle-aged commuterplaying "Angry Birds" on hersmartphone. In America, the biggest market, the average game-player is 37 yearsold. Two-fifths are female.
Over the past tenyears the video-game industry has grown from a small business to a huge, mainstreamone. With global sales of $56 billion in 2010, it is more than twice the sizeof the recorded-music industry. Despite the downturn, it is growing by almost9% a year.
Is this success dueto luck or skill? The answer matters, because the rest of the entertainmentindustry has tended to treat gaming as being a lucky beneficiary of broadertechnological changes. Video gaming, unlike music, film or television, had theluck to be born digital. In fact, there is plenty for old media to learn.
Video games have certainly been swept along bytwo forces: demography and technology. The first gaming generation-the childrenof the 1970s and early 1980s-is now over 30. Many still love gaming, and canafford to spend far more on it now. Meanwhile rapid improvements in computingpower have allowed game designers to offer experiences that are now often morecinematic than the cinema.
But even grantedthis good fortune, the game-makers have been clever. They have reached out tonew customers with new methods. They have branched out into education,corporate training and even warfare, and have embraced digital downloads andmobile devices with enthusiasm. Though big-budget games are still popular, muchof the growth now comes from "casual" games that are simple, cheap and playable in shortbursts on mobile phones or in web browsers.
The industry hasexcelled in a particular area-pricing. In an era when people are disinclined topay for content on the web, games publishers were quick to develop"freemium" models, where you rely on non-paying customers to build anaudience and then extract cash only from a fanatical few.
Asgaming comes to be seen as just another medium, its tech-savvy approachcould provide awelcome shot in the arm for existing media groups.
All of the following methods are employed to attract new customers EXCEPT______.