急性白血病引起贫血最重要的原因是

某肝癌晚期患者住院期间情绪激动，常常指责或挑剔家属和医护人员，护士正确的护理措施是（   ）

下列投资品种不属于大宗商品的是（  ）。

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient"in Paragraph 2?

主要用于治疗呼吸道合胞病毒感染的药物是（    ）

患者，女，52岁。体重70kg。2月前查血肌酐475μmol/L，血红蛋白91g/L，诊断为慢性肾功能衰竭代偿期、肾性贫血。使用重组人促红素5000IU，每周2次，同时口服铁剂、叶酸、维生素B₁₂治疗肾性贫血。2个月后复查血红蛋白133g/L。关于该患者重组人促红素治疗方案的说法，正确的是（   ）

某单位对在建架空光缆项目组织质量安全检查，下列检查结果中按规定必须整改的是（ )。

含镁、钙、铁金属离子的中药与左旋多巴联用能（   ）

加筋挡土墙施工中，靠近墙面板1m范围内的路基压实应采用（      ）。

桥梁桩基础正循环回转钻孔施工中，护壁泥浆循环路径包括：①护筒顶部②钻杆中心③钻头口④泥浆泵笼头⑤泥浆沉淀池。则泥浆循环的正确顺序是（  ）。

基础设施公募REITs的特点，说法错误的是（  ）。