( )是客户净利润与资产平均总额的比率。
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Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
Broadly speaking, the genes more active in the lonely _______
如果银行经理确定其银行的缺口为正2000万美元,那么,利率上升5个百分点会导致银行利润( )。[中山大学]
关于混凝土和易性的说法,正确的是( )。
2型糖尿病患者,女,60岁,因服用降糖药达格列净出现尿路感染就诊,医师建议改用胰岛素类药物治疗。
某胰岛素类药物系由胰岛素化学结构B链3位的谷氨酰胺被赖氨酸取代,B链26位的赖氨酸被谷氨酸取代而成,该药物是
患者,男,43岁。开放性肺结核,咳嗽,咳痰1周入院。正确的隔离区域划分和方法是( )
存放患者各种标本处属于清洁区,患者不得进入
护理人员离开病房等潜在污染区前要洗手
走廊属于污染区
医护办公室属于清洁区,护理人员穿隔离衣可进入
医护人员值班室属于清洁区