尿路感染多见于女性患者,是因为女性尿道( )
1965年1月,错误地提出社会主义教育运动的重点是“整党内那些走资本主义道路的当权派”观点的文件是( )。
毛泽东在《中国共产党在民族战争中的地位》一文中指出:“遵义会议纠正了在第五次反‘围剿’斗争中所犯的左倾社会主义性质的严重的原则错误,团结了党和红军,使得党中央和红军主力胜利完成了长征,转到了抗日的前进阵地,执行了抗日民族统一战线的新政策。”遵义会议之所以成为党的历史上一个生死攸关的转折点,是因为这次会议( )。
制定了抗日民族统一战线的策略总方针
确立了马克思主义建党建军原则
开辟了农村包围城市,武装夺取政权的道路
开启了中国共产党独立自主解决中国革命实际问题新阶段
关于施工企业进行可能危及危险化学品管道安全的施工作业的说法,正确的是( )。
关于法律部门(即部门法)的含义,下列说法正确的是( )。
在形式上表现一致法律规范的总和
在内容上是一致的法律规范的总和
在调整对象为同一类社会关系的法律规范的总和
在形式上表现不一致法律规范的总和
Passage1
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
What can we know about viruses and bacteria from the fourth paragraph?