人生观是人们在实践中形成的对于人生目的和意义的根本看法和态度。在人生观中，居于核心地位的是

关于金融期权下列说法中错误的是（  ）。

持仓量是从期货合约开始交易起计算的未平仓合约数量。（　　）

银行应该将外部审计机构出具的审计报告和管理建议书的副本及时向银行业监管机构报送。（  ）

Passage 2

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you' re unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything, that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list(around six hundred) with the number of new graduates(about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire-why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest of the humanities-at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less elite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid-seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer, about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago. But all that expansion changed colleges.

In the past, they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts. Now, to attract middle-class students, colleges had to offer more career-focused majors, in fields like business, communications, and health care. As a result, humanities departments have found themselves drifting away from the center of the university. Today, they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury, paid for by dynamic, cheap, and growing programs in, say, adult-education. These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they' re why, while education as a whole is growing, the humanities aren't.

Given all this, what can an English department do? The M.L.A. report contains a number of suggestions. Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: "Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years."That will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler. At the same time, graduate students are encouraged to "broaden" themselves: to "engage more deeply with technology"; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects, such as project management and grant writing, which might be of value outside of academia. Graduate programs, the committee suggests, should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenured, or even non-academic, careers. They should keep track of what happens to their graduates, so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.

What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

患者女，65岁。无牙颌，全口总义齿修复5年，近来感义齿不合适，口角疼痛。检查见双口角湿白皲裂，上腭义齿承托区黏膜充血发红。
假如上述检查无异常发现，最有助于快速诊断的是

女，18岁。近几个月来常因琐事与父母发生激烈争吵，闷闷不乐，被诊断为抑郁症而入院治疗。两周后，其父母去探视，患者起初表现出既想见又不想见的矛盾心理，但最终还是决定拒绝见其父母。医生根据病情同意了患者的决定。
根据《精神卫生法》，医生可以限制患者父母会见患者的理由是

（）是衡量项目经济效益统一的标准和尺度。

贾老师是某中学的英语老师，他在校外找了一份翻译的兼职工作，并将大部分精力都投入到校外的兼职上去了，以至于对自己的本职工作敷衍了事，无心教学。贾老师的做法违背了()的职业道德。

经济学中的零利润是指（　　）。

选择免疫政策，就是在尽量减免到期收益率变化所产生负效应的同时，还尽可能从利率变化中获取收益，常用的免疫政策不包括（   ）。