下列词的意义变化途径不同的一项是( )。
( )之后的股票交易,其交易价格可能下降。[北京航空航天大学]
关于仲裁裁决撤销的说法,正确的是( )
王老师在讲授“磷及其化合物的性质"时,以磷化氢的“自燃"现象,说明民间俗称“鬼火'现象产生的原因,对学生进行了“无神论"教育。王老师在教学中主要贯彻的是( )。
某投资者持有5000份A基金,当前的基金份额净值为1.2元。假设A基金按1:2的比例进行了分拆,下列选项中表述正确的是( )。
下列关于肖像权合理使用的表述,错误的是( )。
为个人学习、艺术欣赏,使用他人已经公开的肖像,属于合理使用
为实施新闻报道,不可避免地制作、使用、公开他人肖像,属于合理使用
为依法履行职责,国家机关在必要范围内制作、使用、公开他人肖像,属于合理使用
为商业宣传,使用他人肖像,属于合理使用
Passage1
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
What risk may lonely people run according to the first paragraph?