大黄素属于（）

受体对一种类型激动药脱敏，对其他类型受体的激动药也不敏感，属于（   ）

有五个连续偶数，已知第三个数比第一个数与第五个数之和的1/4多18，则这五个偶数之和是（    ）。

“元素周期表”的学习，深化了学生对以前所学的“元素化合物”等知识的理解。这种迁移属于()。

按照《刑法》第一百八十一条规定，故意提供虚假信息或者伪造、变造、销毁交易记录，诱骗投资者买卖证券、期货合约，造成严重后果的，处（  ）年有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处（  ）万元以上10万元以下罚金。

遗嘱继承人先于遗嘱人死亡的，遗嘱中指定由该继承人继承的遗产份额由（  ）来继承。

下列提高价值主要途径中，属于最理想的途径的是（    ）

（  ）业务是指银行应申请人的请求，向受益人开立书面信用担保凭证，保证在申请人未能按双方协议履行其责任或义务时，由银行代其按照约定履行一定金额的某种支付或经济赔偿责任的信贷业务。

孙老师针对数学课堂气氛沉闷、学生表现不积极的现象，进行认真分析，寻找解决问题的途径与方法，并在后面的教学中加以实施，取得了良好效果。这说明孙老师注重( )。

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

Why do German and French babies produce different types of cries according to the research?

全国解放战争时期，中国民主同盟站到新民主主义革命立场上来的标志是(   )。