因抑制p-糖蛋白使地高辛浓度增加70%~100%的是

《法经》中关于"盗贼"以外的其他犯罪与刑罚的规定被称为(         )。

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

Why do German and French babies produce different types of cries according to the research?

诊断疾病时，既要重视病人整体的病理联系，还要将病人与其所处环境结合起来综合判断病情的方法，属(   )

咳嗽肺阴亏耗证，热伤肺络，痰中带血，应加用的药物是

私募基金（）承诺保底保收益。

患者，男，41岁。养鸡专业户，2天来体温39℃，伴随鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽咽痛，体征可见眼结膜轻度充血，咽部充血，肺部有干啰音。疑为人感染高致病性禽流感，应做何种检查进行确诊（    ）

指南针是中国古代四大发明之一。中国人很早就认识到磁石指南的特性，先后发明了磁针和罗盘。指南针经阿拉伯传到欧洲，大大促进了世界远洋航海技术的发展。下列选项中，中国最早使用指南针航海的朝代是（ ）。

治疗胆绞痛宜选用

证券X的期望收益率为12%，标准差为20%，证券Y的期望收益率为15%，标准差为27%，如果这两个证券在组合的比重相同，则组合的期望收益率为（  ）。

关于我国刑事诉讼中起诉与审判的关系，下列哪一选项是正确的？(   )