患者，男，50岁。因钝器击伤头部1小时入院。患者昏迷呕吐，双侧瞳孔不等大，血压180/120mmHg，行硬膜下血肿清除术+碎骨片清除术，留置引流管送回病房。遵医嘱行250ml甘露醇快速滴入，滴完的时间是（）

王某的儿子因车祸造成下肢截肢，平时需要借助推车才能行走但智力正常。今年孩子已满7岁，王某决定送儿子到附近小学上学。学校认为，学校本身是一所普通学校，没有为残疾儿童准备的专门设施，故拒绝了王某的要求。该学校的做法（  ）

体现有利原则的是

“儿童对年长成员的无意识模仿就是最初教育的发展。”此观点属于教育的()

质子泵抑制剂为（）

患儿，2岁。因体格智力发育落后来诊，查体：表情呆滞，两眼距宽，两眼外侧上斜，鼻梁低平，舌常伸出口外，通贯手，该患儿诊断考虑为（   ）。

旅行社以不合理低价组织旅游活动。导游应当向市场监督管理局举报。

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient"in Paragraph 2?

女，48岁。因持续胸痛10小时收入院。查体：血压117/78mmHg，高枕卧位，双肺可闻及较多细湿啰音，啰音范围大于1/2肺野。心电图示：V₁~V₄导联ST段抬高0.2～0.4mV。该患者的心功能分级是（   ）。

板书是教师口头表达的一种辅助手段，它给学生带来的视觉效果与教师口头表达所带来的听觉效果互为补充，因此，化学教师的板书应该科学规范。下面是某教师的板书，没有错别字的是（  ）。

患者，男，40岁。确诊高血压病3年，无自觉症状。检查：血压160/95 mmHg，尿常规无异常，心电图及X线显示左心室肥大。应首先考虑的是