请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。
Passage 1
"THE SERVANT"(1963) is one of thosefilms that it is impossible to forget. The servant exploits his master'sweaknesses until he turns the tables: the story ends with the a cringing masterministering to a lordly servant. It is hard to watch it today without thinkingof another awkward rela-tionship-the onebetween business folk and their smartphones.
Smart devices are sometimes empowering.They put a world of information at our fingertips. But for most people theservant has become the master. Not long ago only doctors were on call all thetime. Now everybody is. Bosses think nothing of invading their employees ' free time. Work invades the home far morethan domestic chores invade the office.
Hyperconnectivity exaggerates the declineof certainty and the general cult of flexibility. Smartphones make it easierfor managers to change their minds at the last moment. Employees find it ever harderto distinguish between "on-time" and "off-time"—and indeed between realwork and makework. None of this is good for businesspeople ' s marriages ormental health. It may be bad for business, too. When bosses change their mindsat the last minute, it is hard to plan for the future.
How can we reap the benefits ofconnectivity without becoming its slaves? One solution is digital dieting.Banning browsing before breakfast can reintroduce a small amount ofcivilization. Banning texting at weekends or, say, on Thursdays, can reallyshow the iPhone who is boss.
The problem with this approach is that itworks only if you live on a desert island or at the bottom of a lake. LesliePerlow of Harvard Business School argues that for most people the only way to breakthe 24/7 habit is to act collectively rather than individually. One of theworld's most hardworking organisations, the Boston Consulting Group, introducedrules about when people were expected to be offline, and encouraged them towork together to make this possible. Eventually it forced people to work moreproductively while reducing burnout.
MsPerlow' s advice should be taken seriously. The problem of hyperconnectivitywill only get worse, as smartphones become smarter and young digital natives takeover the workforce. But ultimately it is up to companies to outsmart thesmartphones by insisting that everyone turn them off from time to time.
Smart devices have become the master mainly because______
