女，45岁。因关节疼痛长期服用吲哚美辛，黑便2次，呕血1次，来院急诊，疑诊急性胃炎，除嘱停用该药物外，应首先采取什么措施（    ）。

极重、特重、重交通荷载等级公路面层水泥混凝土用的天然砂质量不应低于 (    )级。

（）被称为狭义货币。

《学记》指出：“时教必有正业，退息必有居学”，说明人们对（）的重视。

患儿，4岁。患百日咳后期，痉咳缓解，咳而无力，精神萎靡，食欲不振，形体明显消瘦，舌质淡，苔薄白。治疗应首选的方剂是

Passage 2

Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been in decline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you' re unlikely to find a tenure-track job.

The core of the problem is, of course, the job market. The M.L.A. report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation. If anything, that's wildly optimistic: the M.L.A. got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list(around six hundred) with the number of new graduates(about a thousand). But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure, and who now find themselves competing with their former students. In all likelihood, the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests. That's why the mood is so dire-why even professors are starting to ask, in the committee's words, "Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest of the humanities-at all?"

Those trends, in turn, are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War. Essentially, colleges grew less elite and more vocational. Before the war, relatively few people went to college. Then, in the nineteen-fifties, the G.I. Bill and, later, the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly. When the boom ended, colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students. By the mid-seventies, schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance, women and minorities.

Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer, about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago. But all that expansion changed colleges.

In the past, they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts. Now, to attract middle-class students, colleges had to offer more career-focused majors, in fields like business, communications, and health care. As a result, humanities departments have found themselves drifting away from the center of the university. Today, they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury, paid for by dynamic, cheap, and growing programs in, say, adult-education. These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they' re why, while education as a whole is growing, the humanities aren't.

Given all this, what can an English department do? The M.L.A. report contains a number of suggestions. Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: "Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years."That will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler. At the same time, graduate students are encouraged to "broaden" themselves: to "engage more deeply with technology"; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects, such as project management and grant writing, which might be of value outside of academia. Graduate programs, the committee suggests, should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenured, or even non-academic, careers. They should keep track of what happens to their graduates, so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.

According to the author, which of the following is the key reason that leads to today's job-market crisis for Ph.D. students?

个人贷款与公司贷款的主要差异是贷款对象不同，个人贷款对象为具有完全民事行为能力的自然人，包括个人、（    ）、小企业主等；而公司贷款对象为依法成立的企业法人。

关于病毒性肺炎的叙述，下列哪项不正确？（）。

C国期货市场在20世纪90年代以来获得了快速发展，依托C国完整的工业体系，S期货交易所深入发掘国民经济主要产业链的中间产品，上市以PTA、燃料油、塑料等品种为代表的中间产品期货有25个，其中19个为C国独有上市品种，受到了境内外市场的广泛关注，吸引了境外交易所研发上市同类产品，但均因缺少中间贸易商而未能成功。S交易所为潜在进入者设置的进入障碍是（   ）。

关于计算机网络主要特征的描述，不正确的是（）。