女，48岁。右乳1.5cm×1.0cm肿块，活动度大。穿刺细胞学诊为：乳腺癌。右侧腋窝扪及多肿大、质硬、整合的淋巴结，锁骨上、颈部未扪及淋巴结，检查未发现远处转移征象。该患者的临床分期属于（    ）。

儿童身高和体重增长最为迅速的时期是(  )。

预应力钢筋的张拉工艺操作过程及张拉力的控制，属于质量控制点中重点质量控制对象的（   ）。

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010- 2020年）》提出教育发展的八项任务是：(   )，加快普及高中阶段教育，大力发展职业教育，全面提高高等教育质量，加快发展继续教育，重视和支持民族教育事业，关心和支持特殊教育。

按一级动力学消除的药物有如下特点

患者心烦失眠，狂躁妄动，伴有高热，咽干口燥，小便短赤，大便秘结，其病因是（     ）

人防工程是一个相对封闭的空间，机械排烟是人防工程排烟的重要手段。下列应设置机械排烟设施的场所或部位是（   ）。

在人类社会发展中起决定作用的因素是（   ）。

治疗小儿泄泻脾虚证，应首选的方剂是（    ）

某女，68岁。症见胸部憋闷、刺痛、绞痛、固定不移、心悸自汗、气短乏力、舌质紫暗、脉细涩，治当益气活血、通络止痛，宜选用的中成药是

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

When countries become industrialized, _______.