患者,男,60岁。因慢性阻塞性肺疾病就诊,使用异丙托溴铵气雾剂、氨茶碱片和阿奇霉素分散片等药物治疗。异丙托溴铵气雾剂处方如下。
异丙托溴铵0.37g
无水乙醇150g
HFA-134a844.6g
枸橼酸0.04g
纯化水5.0g
该患者使用阿奇霉素易引发心律失常,可能的原因是( )
教学“成语:中华文化的微缩景观”专题时,为提高学生学习兴趣,教师鼓励学生在搜集、记忆成语的过程中,积极了解成语背后的历史故事以及相关人物。以下是部分学生的整理结果,其中错误的一项是()。
患者,男,60岁。因慢性阻塞性肺疾病就诊,使用异丙托溴铵气雾剂、氨茶碱片和阿奇霉素分散片等药物治疗。异丙托溴铵气雾剂处方如下。
异丙托溴铵0.37g
无水乙醇150g
HFA-134a844.6g
枸橼酸0.04g
纯化水5.0g
该患者使用阿奇霉素易引发心律失常,可能的原因是( )
安全范围窄
治疗指数高
半数致死量大
最小有效量高
效价强度高
下列取源部件的安装符合要求的是()。
郑某2019年3月购买福利彩票获得奖金9000元,领奖时发生交通费50元,食宿费20元(均由郑某承担)。已知偶然所得适用的个人所得税税率为20%,郑某中奖收入应缴纳的个人所得税税额为( )。
Passage1
Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.
Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.
Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.
The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.
What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.
What risk may lonely people run according to the first paragraph?