1632年，捷克著名教育家(  )的《大教学论》出版，标志着教育学形成一门独立形态的学科。

2017 年 5 月 8 日，甲公司与乙公司签订了买卖电脑的合同，双方约 定总价款为 80 万元。6 月 3 日，甲公司就 80 万元货款全额开具了增值税专用发票，6 月10日，甲公司收到乙公司第一笔货款 45 万元，6 月 25 日，甲公司收到乙公司第二笔货款35万元。根据增值税法律制度的规定，甲公司增值税纳税义务发生时间为（  ）。

某工程在混凝土施工过程中，由于称重设备管理不善失准，导致工人向混凝土中掺入超量高效减水剂，导致质量事故。该事故应判定为(    )。

某电子厂房因为生产需要，在厂房内设置了15人住宿的临时员工宿舍，消防机构检查后明确要求其整改，由于生产任务紧急，厂长张某拒绝执行消防机构责令搬出员工宿舍的通知。某天深夜，该厂房发生火灾造成员工宿舍内3名员工死亡，对于张某的行为，根据《中华人民共国刑法》的规定，张某犯消防责任事故罪、后果特别严重，应予以处（   ）。

甲于夜晚在一条封闭的高速公路上驾车正常行驶时，乙突然翻越护栏横穿公路，甲刹车不及将乙撞死。交警认定甲的行为不构成交通肇事罪。下列说法中，不应当作为交警认定依据的是（   ）。

支票是出票人签发的，委托出票人支票账户所在的银行在见票时无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或持票人的票据，可用于单位和个人的各种款项结算。（  ）

（  ）又称每日价格最大波动限制制度，即指期货合约在一个交易日中的交易价格波动不得高于或者低于规定的涨跌幅度，超过该涨跌幅度的报价将视为无效报价，不能成交。

患者，女，28岁。已婚，无子女。葡萄胎行清宫术8周后HCG持续阳性，拟诊断为侵蚀性葡萄胎。适宜的治疗方法是(    )

患者，男，69 岁，右侧腹股沟斜疝嵌顿 2 小时，经手法复位成功。留院观察重点是（  ）

Passage1

In many of the developing countries in Africaand Asia, the population is growing fast. The reason for this is simple: Womenin these countries have a high birth rate - from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care fortheir families. Why do they have so many children? Why don't they limit thesize of their families? The answer may be that they often have no choice. Thereare several reasons for this.

Onereason is economi

In atraditional agricultural economy, large families are helpful. Having morechildren means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care ofthe parents in old age. In an industrial economy, the situation is different.Many children, do not help a family; instead, they are an expense. Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. This was the casein Italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. In the earlypart of the twentieth century, Italy was a poor, largely agricultural countrywith a high birth rate. After World WarⅡ, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialize

By theend of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1. 3 children per woman, theworld's lowest.

However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. SaudiArabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has oneof the highest per capita incomes in the worl

Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate. Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recentlyreduced their population growth.

Clearly,other factors are involve

Themost important of these is the condition of women. A high birth rate almostalways goes together with lack of education and low status for women. Thiswould explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia. There, the traditionalculture gives women little education or independence and few possibilitiesoutside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education andopportunities for women.

Anotherkey factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit theirfamilies but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have madebirth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia,Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been providedwith health care and help in planning their families.

Thesetrends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not haveto depend on better economic conditions.3 It can be effective if it aims tohelp women and meet their needs. Only then, in fact, does it have any realchance of success.       (495 words)

Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage because it shows that _______.

对口头医嘱的处理正确的是（  ）