商业银行持股人的永久性资本投入指的是商业银行的（  ）。

艾略特最初的波浪理论是以周期为基础的，每个周期都是由（  ）组成。

噻奈普汀的作用机制为（    ）

治疗醛固酮升高引起的顽固性水肿的药物是（）

投资机构对处于早期阶段的企业提供的主要增值服务不包括（    ）。

以下不属于宫颈癌的症状与体征的是（     ）

肿瘤化疗的主要不良反应是（  ）

下列哪项最常见舌绛少苔

下列关于核酸的叙述哪一项是错误的

有位学生已知道“先乘除，后加减”的运算法则，但在运算11+3×7=？时，还是把11与3加起来再乘以7， 这是受(   )影响表现。

Passage1

Today's adults grew up in schools designed to sort us into the various segments of our social and economic system. The amount of time available to learn was fixed: one year per grade. The amount learned by the end of that time was free to vary: some of us learned a great deal；some，very little. As we advanced through the grades，those who had learned a great deal in previous grades continued to build on those foundations. Those who had failed to master the early prerequisites within the allotted time failed to learn that which followed. After 12 or 13 years of cumulative treatment of this kind，we were，in effect，spread along an achievement continuum that was ultimately reflected in each student's rank in class upon graduation.

From the very earliest grades, some students learned a great deal very quickly and consistently scored high on assessments. The emotional effect of this was to help them to see themselves as capable learners, and so these students became increasingly confident in school. That confidence gave them the inner emotional strength to take the risk of striving for more success because they believed that success was within their reach. Driven forward by this optimism, these students continued to try hard, and that effort continued to result in success for them. They became the academic and emotional winners. Notice that the trigger for their emotional strength and their learning success was their perception of their success on formal and informal assessments.

But there were other students who didn't fare so well. They scored very low on tests, beginning in the earliest grades. The emotional effect was to cause them to question their own capabilities as learners. They began to lose confidence, which, in turn, deprived them of the emotional reserves needed to continue to take risks. As their motivation warned, of course, their performance plummeted. These students embarked on what they believed to be an irreversible slide toward inevitable failure and lost hope. Once again, the emotional trigger for their decision not to try was their perception of their performance on assessments.

Consider the reality-indeed, the paradox-of the schools in which we were reared. If some students worked hard and learned a lot, that was a positive result, and they would finish high in the rank order. But if some students gave up in hopeless failure, that was an acceptable result, too, because they would occupy places very low in the rank order. Their achievement results fed into the implicit mission of schools: the greater the spread of achievement among students, the more it reinforced the rank order. This is why, if some students gave up and stopped trying (even dropped out of school), that was regarded as the student's problem, not the teacher's or the school's.

Once again, please notice who is using test results to decide whether to strive for excellence or give up in hopelessness. The"data-based decision makers" in this process are students themselves.

Students are deciding whether success is within or beyond reach, whether the learning is worth the required effort, and so whether to try or not. The critical emotions underpinning the decision making process include anxiety, fear of failure, uncertainty, and unwillingness to take risks-all triggered by students' perceptions of their own capabilities as reflected in assessment results.

Some students responded to the demands of such environments by working hard and learning a great deal. Others controlled their anxiety by giving up and not caring. The result for them is exactly the opposite of the one society wants. Instead of leaving no child behind, these practices, in effect, drove down the achievement of at least as many students as they successfully elevated. And the evidence suggests that the downside victims are more frequently members of particular socioeconomic and ethnic minorities.

What has made students spread along an achievement continuum according to the passage?