既能平肝潜阳，又能清肝明目的药物是

与牙槽嵴吸收速度和量无关的因素是（    ）

在Powerpoint中，新建一个演示文档时第一张幻灯片的默认格式是（  ）

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient"in Paragraph 2?

地震现场，一工人左腰及下肢被倒塌的砖墙压住，震后6小时救出，4小时后送抵医院。诉口渴，尿少，呈暗红色。检查：脉搏120次/分，血压95/70mmHg，左下肢明显肿胀，皮肤有散在瘀斑及水疱，足背动脉搏动较健侧弱，趾端凉，无骨折征。首先应采取的处理是（    ）。

在word文档中，如果出现了符号相同的错误，下列操作中，可一次性修改这些错误的是（）。

除下列哪项疾病外 ，都应与妊娠合并病毒性肝炎相鉴别

患者，男，38 岁。因肾区绞痛、血尿就诊，X 线示输尿管结石。缓解绞痛最重要的治疗措施是（  ）

手工活动没有明确的目的，只是一种纯粹玩耍活动。这个特点所处年龄段是(    )

下列各项，不是血瘀证的表现

下列疾病不会发生颅内压增高的是（   ）