慢性肺心病患者提示右心功能不全的主要体征是

对于考核评价结果为“三级”及以下或在同类机构中排名持续下降的机构，各级监管机构应要求其进一步降低消费者权益保护内部考核在其综合绩效考评体系中的占比权重。（  ）

国别风险应当至少划分为（  ）个等级。

税务机关针对纳税人的不同情况可以采取不同的税款征收方式，对于账册不健全，但能控制原材料、产量或进销货物的单位，适用的税款征收方式是（  ）。

患者，男，65岁。患有骨质疏松症，根据该患者饮食习惯，每日需补充钙元素1600mg。药师为其推荐碳酸钙(0.5g/片)，该患者适宜的用法用量是（   ）

属于苯烷胺类选择性钙离子通道阻断药是

雷尼替丁抑制胃酸分泌的机制是

属于基本转录因子的是

苏合香丸的主治病证不包括

Passage1

There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world, that's an internal motive, since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research. If she conducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown, that's an instrumental motive, since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent. Often, people have both for doing things.

What mix of motives-internal or instrumental or both-is most conducive to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve renown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. Surely two motives are better than one. But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, instrumental motives are not always an asset and can actually be counterproductive to success.

We analyzed data drawn from 11,320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United StatesMilitary Academy at West Point, all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influenced their decision to attend the academy. The motives included things like a desire to get a good job later in life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army.

How did the cadets fare, years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives for attending West Point?

We found, unsurprisingly, that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point, the more likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers. Also unsurprisingly, cadets with internal motives did better in the military(as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)

than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after their five years of mandatory service.

Remarkably, cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones. They were less likely to graduate, less outstanding as military officers and less committed to staying in the military.

Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives. Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of their work, rather than on, say, the financial returns it will bring, may be the best way to improve not only the quality of their work but also their financial success.

There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools are available to recruit participants or improve performance. If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs, then perhaps appeals to "money for college," "career training" or "seeing the world" will do the job. While this strategy may lure more recruits, it may also yield worse soldiers. Similarly, for students uninterested in learning, financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them to participate, but it may result in less well-educated students.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "cadets" in Paragraph 3?

西方音乐史上被称为“近代音乐之父”的是(    )。