大一班户外活动时，幼儿被地上的影子吸引住了。有的玩着踩影子的游戏，有的跑起来看影子是什么样的，有的讨论着对方的影子，有的对着影子做各种动作看影子的变化……
请根据上面的素材，设计大班主题活动方案，要求写出主题活动名称、主题活动总目标、两个子活动。每个子活动包括活动名称、活动目标、活动准备和活动的主要环节。

柱联"古木护佳城像塑巍峨历劫沧桑声益著"，"清流环曲径鸟啼隐约应时晴雨韵偏饶"分别是什么意思?

发现学习

消息（中南财大；上海交大）

请简单评述行为目标取向的优势。

设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节20分钟的英语阅读课的教案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级（第一学期）学生。班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》六级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
Who am I?
Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.
Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes,I could "think"logically and produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time, it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my "artificial intelligence". In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a"universal machine"to solve any difficult mathematical problem. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. However, this reality also worried my designers. As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.
These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips. As a result, I totally changed my shape. As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.
Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. I have become very important in communication, finance and trade. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!

颌面部间隙感染感染途径

请简述维果斯基的最近发展区理论。

阅读下列材料，回答有关问题。
离子方程式的书写是高中化学的基础知识，是必备的化学技能。某教师在进行离子方程式的书写教学时，基本上按下面四步进行：一是实验，照书做一遍实验，根据实验现象写出离子方程式；二是步骤，把书中书写离子方程式的四个步骤照抄一遍，完成例题教学；三是练习，模仿练习几个离子方程式（往往又未按四个步骤的要求，规范、有序地去完成离子方程式）；四是小结。结果，一堂课下来课堂教学的有效性极低，学生“走神”“等待答案”等现象频现。
问题：
（1）简述该教师在这一课堂教学中存在的问题以及这样教学可能带来的后果有哪些？（6分）
（2）简述如何提高化学课堂教学的有效性？（7分）

采写突发性事件通讯需注意哪些问题？

信息要长久地保持，最有效的策略就是对信息进行（　　）和（　　）。