（  ）是在交易所进行的标准化的远期交易，即交易双方在集中性的市场以公开竞价方式所进行的期货合约的交易。

斯大林时期苏联经济体制的主要特征是()。

国际法调整的对象主要是（   ）。

根据《防止静电事故通用导则GB12158-2006》，以下静电防控说法错误的是（  ）。

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient"in Paragraph 2?

某工作有且仅有两个紧后工作C、D，其中C工作最早开始时间为10（计算坐标系，下同），最迟完成时间为28，持续时间为15天；D工作最早完成时间为18，最迟完成时间为20，持续时间为6天；该工作与C工作间的时间间隔为2天，与D工作间的时间间隔为4天，则该工作的总时差为（  ）天。

符合老年人用药原则的用药方式是（  ）

中华民国南京国民政府刑法在空间效力上（   ）。

防渗墙的墙体质量检查应在成墙（ ）天后进行。

2004年《证券投资基金法》施行后，中国证监会制定关于公募基金的部门规章涵盖的方面不包括（  ）。

男，56岁 。反复咳嗽咳痰30年伴间断咯血 。发作时使用"头孢菌素"及止血治疗可缓解 。查体：左下肺可闻及湿性啰音 。胸部X线片示左下肺纹理增粗、紊乱 。未明确咯血的病因，宜首先采取的检查是