在吸烟与肺癌关系的病例对照研究中发现，随着所选对照组年龄不同，计算得到的OR值有很大差异
年龄在此研究中作为什么因素起作用

相对于长期负债筹资方式，关于短期负债筹资特点的说法，正确的是(  )。

关于现代药学的发展，药学服务阶段的特征是（ ）

提出“建国军民，教学为先”主张的著作是（　　）。

根据《中华人民共和国票据法》的规定，汇票的（  ）必须与付款人具有真实的委托付款关系，并且具有支付汇票金额的可靠资金来源。

与西药抗结核药联用，能减轻西药抗结核药对肝脏损害的中药是（ ）

某公司生产单一产品，实行标准成本管理。每件产品的标准工时为3小时，固定制造费用的标准成本为6元/件，企业生产能力为每月生产产品400件。9月份公司实际生产产品350件，发生固定制造费用2250元，实际工时为1100小时。根据上述数据计算，9月份公司固定制造费用闲置能力差异和能力差异分别为（　　）元。

某公司负债2000万元，股权票面价值4000万元，股权市场价值8000万元，年运营收入为400万元，公司资产负债率为（　　）。[清华大学]

护士处理医嘱时，应首先执行的医嘱是（）

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

What does Kathleen Wermke's research indicate?

女婴，7个月。诊断为“化脓性脑膜炎”使用青霉素加头孢曲松钠治疗5天

热退，一般情况好转。近两天又发热，伴间断抽搐2次，查体: T 39. 2℃ /L，前囟饱满。脑脊液检查:白细胞数12 X10⁶ /L，蛋白质0. 4g/L，糖3mol/L，氯化物108mmol/L, 患儿病情加重可能