【单选题】

化学毒物的亚慢性毒性试验是毒理学中是研究化学物毒效应的基本试验,现拟对某化学物进行其亚慢性毒性评价,在实验设计、操作及评价中应该注意的问题如下
下列亚慢性毒性试验的观察指标中不包括

A.
生长发育状况
B.
食物利用率
C.
蓄积系数
D.
脏器系数
E.
组织酶学活力改变
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【单选题】

生产性粉尘的种类繁多,理化性状不同,对人体所造成的危害也是多种多样的。下列关于生产性粉尘引起的职业病病理性质的说法中,正确的是(    )。

A.
羽毛粉尘引起局部刺激性
B.
锌烟粉尘引起全身中毒性
C.
烟草粉尘引起光感应性
D.
面粉粉尘引起变态反应性
【单选题】

患者,女,40岁。呕吐清水,胃部不适,食久乃吐,喜热畏寒,身倦,便溏,小便可,舌苔白,脉迟。治疗除取主穴外,还应加

A.
上脘、胃俞
B.
肝俞、太冲
C.
肾俞、太溪
D.
胆俞、丘墟
E.
次髎、血海
【单选题】

感性认识和理性认识的根本区别在于()。

A.
感性认识来源于社会实践,理性认识则来源于抽象思维
B.
感性认识产生于日常生活,理性认识则产生于科学实验
C.
感性认识反映事物的现象,理性认识则反映事物的本质
D.
感性认识包含错误,理性认识则完全正确
【A1型选择题】

周围型肺癌X线的特征是(    )。

A.

肺段或肺叶的局限性肺气肿

B.

圆形或类圆形肿块呈分叶状,有脐样切迹会有毛刺

C.

阻塞性肺炎

D.

出现囊状空洞或斑片状浸润

E.

可有S形的肺不张和密度较高的片状阴影

【单选题】

李刚看到老师处分在课堂上捣乱的同学,他以后也不敢草率地完成作业或迟到了。李刚受到的是()

A.
强化依随
B.
直接强化
C.
替代强化
D.
自动的自我强化
【单选题】

针灸治疗瘾疹,应主选的经穴是(     )

A.
足阳明、足厥阴经
B.
足太阴、足太阳经
C.
手阳明、足阳明经
D.
手阳明、足太阴经
E.
局部穴、相应夹脊穴
【A1型选择题】

杆形卡环的特点是(  )

A.

固位作用好,稳定作用也好

B.

固位作用好,稳定作用差

C.

固位作用差,稳定作用好

D.

固位作用差,稳定作用也差

E.

固位、稳定作用均不确定

【单选题】

Which of the following correctly describes the English phoneme [ð]?

A.
A voiced dental plosive
B.
A voiced alveolar plosive
C.
A voiced dental fricative
D.
A voiced alveolar fricative
【单选题】

Passage1

    Come on-Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is  what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casualsex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that  peer pressure can also be a positive forcethrough what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officialsuse the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives andpossibly the word.

    Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure inaction: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called RageAgainst the Haze sets out to make cigarette sun cool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as love Life  recruits young people to promote safe sexamong their peers.

     The idea seemspromising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits ,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.   "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one bill board campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

     But on the generaleffectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Clubis filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of thesocial and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The mostglaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding wascut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited andmixed.

     There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging bodyof research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spreadthrough networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

    Farless certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can selectour peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's likethe teacher who breaks up the trouble makers in the back row by pairing themwith better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's theproblem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, asin school, we insist on choosing our own friends.


In the author's view, Rosenberg's book fails to_______.

A.
adequately probe social and biological factors
B.
effectively evade the flaws of the social cure
C.
illustrate the functions of state funding
D.
produce a long-lasting social effect
【A1型选择题】

乳牙根尖周病治疗成功的标准不包括(  )

A.

无异常松动

B.

无龈瘘

C.

无肿胀

D.

牙齿无变色

E.

X线片示根尖周无病变