在计算甲公司年度企业所得税应纳税所得额时，准予扣除的业务招待费支出是（    ）万元。

甲企业为增值税一般纳税人，其生产的 M 产品适用的增值税税率为 13％。2019年 12 月 1 日，该企业“应收账款”所属明细科目的借方余额合计为 300 万元，“坏账准备——应收账款”科目的贷方余额为 20 万元，企业确认收入的同时结转销售成本。12 月份该企业发生经济业务如下：
（1）8 日，向乙企业销售 M 产品 100 件，每件产品标价为 2.5 万元（不含增值税）、单位成本 2 万元；由于是成批销售，甲企业给予乙企业 10％的商业折扣，并开具了增值税专用发票，至本月末款项未收到，该项销售符合收入确认条件，该项销售业务属于在某一时点履行的履约义务。
（2）20 日，丙企业因产品质量问题退回 M 商品 10 件。该产品为上月采用现销方式售出并已确认收入，其单价为 2.5 万元（不含增值税）、成本为 2 万元。甲企业已向丙企业开具了增值税红字发票，并签发了一张面值为 28.25 万元、期限为 1 个月的银行承兑汇票，退回的产品已入库。
（3）31 日，年终清查财产时，发现 2015 年入账的应收账款 3 万元无法收回，确认为坏账。
（4）31 日，对应收账款进行减值测试后，确定“坏账准备——应收账款”科目贷方余额为 33 万元。
要求：根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列小题（答案中的金额单位用万元表示）。
3. 根据资料（3），下列各项中，甲企业确认坏账损失相关科目的会计处理结果正确的是（ ）。

幼儿小肌肉群发育较早，大肌肉发育较晚。(  )

下列哪些纠纷可以适用民事诉讼法解决？（     ）

【背景资料】
某水闸工程，共10孔，每孔净宽10m，顺水流长20m，水闸流量为1500m³／s。由于闸室地基为软基，设计采用粉喷桩地基处理，设计桩长10m，要求水泥土的28天强度为1MPa。施工过程中发生如下事件：
事件一：粉喷桩地基处理前，室内试验确定的水泥掺入比为16％，工程施工中，施工单位利用被加固土的干密度和被加固土体的体积计算每米的掺入量。设备进场后即开始工程桩的施工。
事件二：项目法人在工程开工前到相应的水利工程质量监督机构办理了监督手续，签订《水利工程质量监督书》。提交了工程项目建设审批文件等材料。
事件三：竣工验收前。项目法人根据竣工验收的需要，委托工程监理单位对工程质量进行抽样检测。监理单位制定竣工检测方案，竣工检测方案经项目法人审核后，报质量监督机构核定。
事件四：单位工程完工后。质量监督机构组织项目法人、监理、没计、施工及工程运行管理等单位组成工程外观质量评定组，现场进行工程外观质量检验评定。评定组由7人组成。其中项目法人2人，质量监督机构、监理、设计、施工及工程运行管理单位各1人。

下列属于明代刑部职掌范围的有（        ）。

商法与经济法的主要区别是 (    )。

构成具体承诺减让表组成部分的是（  ）。

Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel

Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.

When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy airtraffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to coordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight.

As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.

【背景资料】

某施工单位承建了一段一级公路工程(重交通等级)，路面为沥青混凝土路面。路面总厚度56cm。沿线可提供的路基填料有黏土、粉质土、碎石土、砂性土，其中路基包括填方路基，挖方路基、半填半挖路基、低填路基、浅挖路基、挡土填（墙）路基等，低填路基(填土高度小于H厘米时)施工按设计，要求清除表土后，进行原地面开挖并换填。

施工中发生以下事件：

事件一：针对填方段，施工单位制定了相应的施工方案，部分施工要求如下：

(1)在透水性差的压实层上填筑透水性好的填料的，应在其表面设 2%~4%的双向横坡，并采取相应的防水措施，不得在透水性差的填料所填筑的路堤边坡上覆盖透水性好的填料。

(2)每种填料的松铺厚度应参照当地具有代表性的典型工程确定。

(3)每一填筑层压实后的宽度不得小于设计宽度。

事件二：施工单位特别重视测量管理工作，在开工准备阶段，进行了交接桩，设计控制桩贯通复测，施工控制网建立等工作，在地形复测时，发现 K2+200~K2+620 路段地面实际高程与设计图提供的地面高程相差较大，需要调整路基设计高程，在施工阶段进行了施工放样测量、沉降位移变形观测、工序检查测量相关工作。

事件三：施工单位针对重要生产设施、重大危险源制订了专项应急预案，并对应急预案组织了评审，形成了书面评审纪要，参加应急预案评审的人员包括施工单位总工程师、项目部总工程师及有关安全生产方案的专家、按照分级属地原则，施工单位向属地安全生产监督部分和有关部门进行告知性备案，应急预案备案时，施工单位提交了应急预案备案申报表、应急预案评审意见、应急预案文本及电子文档。

【背景资料】某承包人根据《水利水电工程标准施工招标文件》( 2009版)与发包人签订某引调水工程引水渠标段施工合同:
合同签订后发生如下事件:事件一:项目部要求编制了该工程的施工进度计划如图所示,经监理人批准后,工程如期开工。

图2 施工进度计划图（单位：天）
事件一:承包人完成施工控制网测量后,按监理人指示开展了抽样复测；1 )发现因发包人提供的某基准线不准确,造成与此相关的数据均超过允许误差标准,为此监理人指示承包人对发包人提供的基准点、基准线进行复测，并重新进行了施工控制网的测量,产生费用共计3万元，增加工作时间5天;
2 )由于测量人员操作不当造成施工控制网数据异常,承包人进行了测量修整,修正费用0.5万元,增加工作时间2天；
针对上述两种情况承包人提出了延长工期和补偿费用的索赔要求。
事件二:“土石方开挖及垫层Ⅲ”施工中遇到地质勘探未查明的软弱底层,承包人及时通知监理人。监理人会同参建各方进行现场调查后,把该事件界定为不利物质条件,要求承包人采取合理措施继续施工承包人按要求完成地基处理 ,导致 “土石方开挖及垫层Ⅲ”工作时间延长了20天,增加费用8.5万元,承包人据此提出了延长工期20天和增加费用8.5万元的要求。
【问题】