颈下生块如豆，质圆韧，无压痛，推之可移，咯痰少许，属于(   )

牙外伤的高发人群为

脐周腹部闭合性损伤时出现中上腹刀割样疼痛，伴发热、呕吐，X线检查提示膈下游离气体，腹穿抽出黄绿色液体，应首先考虑的诊断是(     )

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

What does Kathleen Wermke's research indicate?

患者，男，50岁。患肝硬化多年，近日尿量骤减，腹部胀大如鼓，饮食精神尚可。用药应首选的药物是(   )

1946年6月至1947年6月，人民军队处于（   ）阶段。

患急性龈炎时，牙龈颜色一般是（  ）

中国共产党领导下的抗日根据地中，以“团结、紧张、严肃、活泼”为校训的学校是（　　）。

根据《商业银行合规风险管理指引》，商业银行任命合规负责人，应按有关规定报告银行业监督管理机构。商业银行在合规负责人离任后（  ）内，应向银行业监督管理机构报告离任原因等有关情况。

在定期存款中，最典型的代表是（）。

男，38岁。因“体检发现肺部阴影1周”就诊。胸部CT示右肺上叶1.5cm混合性磨玻璃结节，边界不清。该患者最可能的诊断是（     ）。