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Passage3       Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.       For well over 2000 years the world's great religions have taught the virtues of a trusting heart. Now there is another reason to merit the wisdom of the ages: scientific evidence indicates that those with trusting hearts will live longer, healthier lives.        As a result of the work published in the 1970s by two pioneering heart specialists, Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman,nearly every American is aware that blood Type A people are impatient, and easily moved to hostility(敌意) and anger. (79) Many have come to believe that Type A's are at a much higher risk of suffering heart attack or dying of heart disease than others.        The driving force behind hostility is a cynical mistrust of others. If we expect others to mistreat us, we are seldom  disappointed.This generates anger and leads us to respond with hostility.          (80) The most characteristic attitude of a cynic is being suspicious of the motives (动机) of people he doesn't know. Imagine you are waiting for an elevator and it stops two floors above for longer than usual. How inconsiderate! You think.ln a few seconds, you have drawn hostile conclusion about unseen people and their motives.         Meanwhile, your cynical mistrust is leading to noticeable physical consequences. Your voice rises. The rate and depth of your breathing increases. Your heart is beating faster and harder, and the muscles of your arms and legs become tight. You feel"charged up", ready for action.       If you frequently experience these feelings, you may be at increased risk of developing serious health problems. Anger can add to the risk of heart and other diseases.
Passage2        Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.        (77) Heredity(遗传) is not the only thing that influences our color.Where we live and how we live after we are born are important too.For instance, our genes influence how fat or thin we are.But our weight depends mainly upon how much we eat and how much exercise we get.In the same way, our skin color depends to a large extent upon how much sunshine we get.          When summer arrives and light-colored people go to the beaches, some will tan darkly, some will tan lightly and few will not tan at all.Each one has inherited a different ability to tan, but the differences do not appear until the conditions are right.An outdoor man will soon become pale if he changes to an indoor job, while a desk clerk will take on tan after a short vacation in the sun.         Sometimes people decide that being tanned is better than being pale.Sometimes they decide the opposite.         Centuries ago, most of the people in Europe were peasants and they had to work in the fields all day. Noblemen, on the other hand, did not have to work. They stayed indoors and remained pale. You could always tell a nobleman from a peasant because a peasant had a tan. As a result, a skin so pale that the veins (血管) were showed was considered a mark of great beauty.       During the Industrial Revolution things changed. Farmers left their fields and went to work in factories, mines and mills. Working for long hours in dimly-lit factories and mines made their skins pale. (78) Wealthy people, however, could afford to travel to sunny countries. They had the leisure to lie around on the beaches and get tan. Having a tan became a sign of wealth.           In Western Europe and North America pale skin is no longer desirable.  Instead of bleaching themselves white with lemon juice, many women spend their time under a sunlamp. The desire for a quick tan has led to the invention of pills and lotions(涂剂)that darken the skin artificially without exposure to sunlight. These pills and lotions can be bought by anyone at any drugstore. A rich man can spend hundreds of dollars on a vacation in the sunny West Indies and get his suntanthere. But his lowest-paid clerk can have what looks like the same tan out of a bottle for a few cents.
Passage1      Questions l to 5 are based on the following passage.      I was only eight years old when the Second World War ended, but I can still remember something about the victory celebrations in the small town where I lived. (76) We had not suffered much from the war there, though like most children of my age, I was used to seeing bombed houses  in the  streets and the enormous army lorries passing_ through.  But both at home and at school I had become accustomed to the phrases“before the war" and“when the war's over." "Before the war," apparently, things had been better, though I was too young to understand why, except there had been no bombs then, and people had eaten things like ice cream and bananas,'which I had only heard of. When the war was over, we would go back to London, but this meant very little to me. I did not remember what London was like.        What I remember now about VE Day was the afternoon and the evening. It was a fine May day. I remember coming home at about five o'clock. My father and mother came in about an hour later. After dinner I said I wanted to see the bonfire (篝火), so when it got dark my father took me to the end of the street. The bonfire was very high, and some people had collected some old clothes to dress the unmistakable figure with the moustache (小胡子) they had put on top of it.Just as we arrived, they set light to it. The flames rose and soon covered the“guy." Everyone was cheering and shouting, and an old woman came out of her house with two chairs and threw them on the fire to keep the fire going.        I stood beside my father until the fire started to go down, not knowing what to say. He said nothing either. He had fought in the First World War and. may have been remembering the end of that. At last he said,“Well, that's it, son. Let's hope that this time it really will be the last one."