【背景资料】
某高速公路上下行分离式隧道，洞口间距 40m，左线长 3216m，右线长 3100m，左右线隧道跨度都为 10m，隧道最大埋深 500m，进出口为浅埋段，IV 级围岩，洞身地质条件复杂，地质报告指出，隧道穿越地层为三叠系底层，岩性主要为炭质泥岩、砂岩、泥岩砂岩互层，且有瓦斯设防段、涌水段和岩爆段，I、II、III 级围岩大致各占 1/3，节理裂隙发育，岩层十分破碎，且穿越一组背斜，在其褶曲轴部地带中的炭质泥岩及薄煤层中并存有瓦斯等有害气体，有瓦斯聚集涌出的可能。因此，施工期间，项目部针对上述工程地质问题在全隧开展综合地质超前预报工作，加强施工监测。
事件一：针对不同地段项目部采取以下措施：
（1）在涌水段施工时，对隧道涌水采用超前钻孔和辅助坑道排水、超前围岩预注浆堵水、超前小导管注浆堵水、轻型井点降水及深井降水等方法。钻孔注浆顺序由上往下、由多水处到少水处、隔孔钻注。
（2）瓦斯隧道钻爆作业，工作面附近 20m 以内风流中瓦斯浓度必须小于 1%，采用干式钻孔。炸药和电雷管采用煤矿许用炸药和煤矿许用电雷管并反向装药。爆破网络采用并联或串并联等的方式。
（3）岩爆段施工，采用光面爆破技术，采用长进尺，每循环进尺宜控制在 2m 以上。超前注水孔宜布置在隧道边墙及拱部开挖断面轮廓线内 10～15cm 范围内，并向孔内灌高压水，软化围岩，加快围岩内部的应力释放。开挖后及时喷纤维混凝土封闭。
事件二：施工单位根据交通运输部对隐患排查治理提出的“两项达标”、“四项严禁”、“五项制度”的总目标，开展了安全生产事故隐患排查治理活动，编制了专项施工方案和应急救援预案，落实工程项目安全生产主体责任和相关单位的安全管理责任，深入排查治理建设过程中的安全隐患。
事件三：由于施工单位没有按照监理和监控单位提出衬砌施作时机施工，产生塌方事故，导致 3 人死亡，塌体矢高 6m，跨度 12m。施工单位仔细观测塌方的范围、形状、数量大小及坍体的地质状况、地下水的分布活动情况等，分析塌方发生的原因，研究制订处理方案。
事件四：项目施工后，同时施工该条高速公路监控系统，主要包括：交通（信号）监控子系统、视监控子系统、调度（指令）电话子系统、火灾自动报警子系统等子系统。

【背景资料】
某新建铁路施工内容包括路基、桥梁和隧道工程。部分工程情况如下:
特大桥1座，主跨为(60+108+60)m连续梁，桥址处地层从上往下依次为洪积土、第四系漂流相黏土、亚黏土及亚砂土。该桥主墩基础设计为钻孔灌注桩,桩径均为1.5m，桩长均为50m。
隧道1座，设计为双洞单线隧道，全长27963m，最大埋深680m，主要岩性以花岗岩及寒武系片麻岩等硬质岩为主。
事件一∶钻孔灌注桩采用旋转钻机施工，泥浆循环系统如图1-1所示，其中D为钻头，E为钻杆，F为钻机转盘，G为输送管，泥浆循环方向如图中箭头所示。

事件二:主墩1号桩基钻孔及清孔完成后，采用内径280mm的钢导管灌注水下混凝土。
对首批混凝土灌注要求有:导管底距孔底0.3m，首批混凝土导管埋置深度为1.5m，孔内泥浆顶面至孔底深度为52.0m。首批水下混凝土灌注如图1-2所示，H为首批混凝土灌注后导管内混凝土高出孔内混凝土顶面的高度。混凝土密度为2.4×103kg/m3，泥浆密度为1.1×103kg/m3，钻孔扩孔系数为1.1。
扩孔系数是指灌注桩施工时实际混凝土浇筑体积与理论混凝土浇筑体积(按设计桩身直径计算的混凝土体积)的比值。

事件三∶隧道进口工区采用敞开式TBM掘进，二次衬砌采用模筑混凝土施工工艺。TBM掘进施工工艺流程如图1-3所示。

事件四:右线隧道进口掘进至4500m处，进入中等强度岩爆地段，为确保施工安全，项目经理部针对岩爆地段施工采取了加强监控量测、对设备进行防护措施。监理工程师检查后，认为措施不全，需要完善。

中国公民张某为境内甲公司技术人员，育有一读初中的女儿；张某是独生子，父母已年满 60周岁。 2019年 3月张某有关收支情况如下：
（ 1）工资 15000元、季度奖金 3000元。 1～ 3月，每月缴纳基本养老保险费、基本医疗保险费、失业保险费、住房公积金 2600元。 1～ 2月，累计工资 29000元，累计工资已预扣预缴个人所得税税额 234元。
（ 2）为 W公司提供业务指导，一次性劳务报酬收入 2000元。
（ 3）出租一套住房，每月租金 2200元，当月缴纳房产税 88元。
（ 4）购买一台洗衣机，获赠价值 278元的饮水机一台。
（ 5）购买一部手机，原价 5999元，获得折扣 399元，实际支付 5600元。
（ 6）购买体育彩票，一次中奖收入 200元。
（ 7）领取原提存的住房公积金 1900元。
已知：工资、薪金所得预扣预缴个人所得税减除费用为 5000元 /月；子女教育专项附加扣除标准为 1000元 /月，由张某按扣除标准的 100%扣除；赡养老人专项附加扣除标准为 2000元 /月。劳务报酬所得个人所得税预扣率为 20%，每次收入不超过 4000元的，减除费用按 800元计算；财产租赁所得，每次收入不超过 4000元的，减除费用 800元。对个人出租住房取得的所得暂减按 10%的税率征收个人所得税。

要求：
根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列小题。
计算张某当月一次性劳务报酬收入应预扣预缴个人所得税税额的下列算式中，正确的是（ ）。

In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46)he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47)He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”

Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

2015 年 3 月 8 日，投保人李大山给妻子苏日娜在保险公司购买了一份人身保险。李大山指定其母亲李丰华、儿子巴特尔、岳母萨日娜为苏日娜人身保险合同的受益人，在保险事故发生前，李丰华已经死亡，关于李丰华的受益份额的相关说法正确的是 ( )。

【背景资料】

某集团公司项目部承建一段新建单线铁路线下工程，该段起止里程为DK40+000～DK55+380，施工工期为三年，交通不便，主要工程有：特大桥一座，起止里程DK40+000～DK43+100，覆盖层为中、粗砂层，主跨跨越一河流，水深4-6米，主跨为3×96米钢桁梁，水中墩基础为直径1.5米钻孔桩，高桩承台。隧道两座(均无辅助坑道)，1#隧道起止里程为DK43+900～DK49+020，全隧道为Ⅲ级围岩：2#隧道起止里程为DK49+120～DK53+700，隧道进、出口段为堆积体，其余为II1、Ⅳ级围岩。两座隧道均采用有轨运输、钻爆法施工。本段铁路除桥、隧外，其余为路基工程。

【背景资料】甲铁矿为地下矿山，共有员工780人，拟对该矿的尾矿库进行加高扩容工程四期建设，该尾矿库采用湿式放矿、上游式筑坝，等别为二等。2023年1月，委托某安全评价公司完成了《安全预评价报告》，2023年1月24日，该矿组织专家对《安全预评价报告》进行了评审并予以通过。2023年3月，该矿委托某设计院出具《变更安全设施设计》。2023年4月，有关安全生产监督管理机关组织通过了《变更安全设施设计》评审。2023年4月25日该矿以包工包料形式委托给乙公司组织施工。
2023年5月10日开始施工。2024年3月11日中班，乙方项目部安排朱某、成某等6名工人，在坝上进行膜袋灌沙、扎口及排水作业，18时30分，甲方夜班巡坝工严某、郭某按照班组管理制度要求到达现场进行了正常交接班，2人均按照巡检周期（2h）对坝体进行巡查一次，巡查过程中未见异常情况。12日凌晨2时10分正在进行膜袋施工的朱某和成某，发现其所处工作区域（北部）的坝体开始下沉。
凌晨2时20分，郭某再次上坝检查时，发现尾矿库西北段坝体溃塌，立刻向调度员李某报告，李某立即向车间主任张某报告。事故发生后，当地市政府第一时间启动应急响应。溃口于3月24日实现合拢，开始进入坝面调平加高阶段，基本完成尾砂坝临时处置工程。
事故淹没下游鱼塘近400亩，造成下游居民2人死亡，1人失联。
经事故调查发现：该尾矿库坝体溃坝段底部为采空区，采空区的顶板花岗岩经长期风化侵蚀而坍塌。甲铁矿关于尾矿库管理的安全生产责任制和安全管理制度长期缺失，没有明确管理人员和巡坝人员职责。安全投入不足，没有严格按照规定提取使用安全费用。对坝体的安全监测如位移等监控设施布设间距不符合规定。每年的员工全员培训内容，仅包含劳动防护用品的穿戴。同时安全管理人员和技术人员缺乏，人员配备不足。
根据以上场景，回答下列问题（共22分）：

Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.

The message of this survey of the British land art--the most comprehensive to date--is that the British variant, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.

That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.

Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.

Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.

Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.

In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.

【背景资料】某立井井筒设计净直径7.5m，深度860m，普通法施工。井筒检查孔资料表明，井深346〜351m存在断层破碎带，破碎带附近岩石均有不同程度的受挤压现象；井筒450〜465m有一含水层，预计涌水量为30m³/h。
某施工单位承建该井筒项目，成立了项目部，项目部成立的行政公文通报给了建设单位，任命建造师张某为项目经理。
编制了施工组织设计，部分内容如下：
（1）井筒施工方案：基岩段施工采用短段掘砌作业，深孔光面爆破，掏槽眼深度4.2m，其他炮眼深度4.0m，周边眼间距490mm，崩落眼间距780mm，FJD-6伞钻打眼，整体金属伸缩式模板砌筑井壁，模板高度5米。
（2）井筒过断层破碎带施工时，采取调整爆破参数、砌壁段高和支护方式等相关技术措施，有利于安全通过。
（3）探水注浆方案：井筒施工至420m时开始进行探水注浆工作，注浆至垂深480m，采取一段式注浆、从下往上的注浆方案被监理工程师叫停。
主井井筒竣工验收时，总漏水量7.6m³/h，其中在井深620m处有两个集中漏水点，漏水量分别为0.7m³/h、0.8m³/h。验收时还发现有一处井筒净半径小60mm。其余各项检查项目全部合格。

【背景资料 】
 某高速公路隧道为双向四车道分离式隧道，隧道右线长1618m，左线长1616m，设计净空宽度10.8m，净空高度6.6m，设计车速80km/h。该隧道围岩主要为IV级，采用复合式衬砌，衬砌断面设计如图3所示。

事件一：隧道采用如下图所示的方法开挖。

事件二：施工单位检查初期支护喷射混凝土的实测项目， 其中包括喷射混凝土强度、 喷层厚度、 喷层与围岩接触状况。  
事件三：施工单位在衬砌施工前， 提出下列技术要求：
（1） 二次衬砌施工时， 在隧道纵向， 需分段进行， 分段长度一般为 15～20m。
（2） 二次衬砌顶模设置通气孔、 注浆管。
（3） 墙背回填应两侧对称进行。 底部应铺填 0.5～1.0m 厚水泥稳定碎石并夯实。
（4） 拱背回填应对称分层夯实， 每层厚度不得大于 0.5m, 两侧回填高差不得大1m, 回填至拱顶齐平后应分层满铺填筑。

【背景材料】
某一级公路全长55.28km，双向4车道，路幅宽24.5m，设计车速80km/h，路面基层为水泥稳定土无机结合料基层，根据工程实际情况及施工单位人力、设备条件，施工单位采用了路拌法水泥稳定土基层施工工艺。摊铺水泥日进度1.5km（单向），K5+700～K10+700路段具体施工过程如下：
(1)施工放样，恢复中线；根据施工布料需要在下承层上划布料网络。
(2)对水泥稳定土基层施工所需的土料、集料、水泥等按要求进行备料。
(3)确定松铺系数后，施工单位共用5d时间完成摊铺土任务。某日摊铺土2.5km。
(4)按规定洒水闷料，整平轻压。
(5)按规定摆放水泥，用刮板将水泥均匀摊开。
(6)为保证拌合质量，按规定采用了稳定土拌合机进行拌合。为了避免损坏下承层，拌合深度保持在下承层顶面5～10mm。
(7)拌合料拌合均匀后，立即用平地机初步整形，为保证整形质量，全路段平地机均由两侧路肩向路中心进行刮平。
(8)整形后，当混合料的含水量为最佳含水量(±1%～±2%)时，按规定用轻型压路机配合12t以上的压路机进行碾压。直线和平曲线段，由两侧路肩向路中心碾压，设超高的平曲线段，由外侧路肩向内侧路肩碾压。