Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.

(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything--a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.

The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.

(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals

【背景资料】某中型水库除险加固工程主要工程内容包括：加固放水洞洞身，新建放水洞进口竖井、改建溢洪道出口翼墙，重建主坝上游砌石护坡。新建防浪墙和重建坝顶道路等工作。签约合同价为580万元，合同工期8个月，2011年12月1日开工，合同约定：
（1）为保证安全度汛，除新建防浪墙和重建坝顶道路外，其余工作应在2012年5月15日前完成；
（2）工程预付款为签约合同价的10％，当工程进度款累计达到签约合同价的50％时，从超过部分的工程进度款中按40％扣回工程预付款，扣完为止；
（3）工程进度款按月支付。承包人依据合同制定并经监理单位批准的施工网络进度计划如图1（单位：天，每月按30天计）；

2011年12月1日工程如期开工，施工中发生如下事件：
事件1：因设计变更，导致“改建溢洪道出口翼墙”于2012年3月16日开始，并因工程量增加，该工作持续事件延长10天，项目部据此分析对安全度汛和工期的影响，重新编制了满足合同工期的进度计划。
事件2：承包人通知监理单位对防浪墙地基进行检查，监理人员在约定的时间未到达现场，由于工期紧，承包人对防浪墙地基进行了覆盖。事后承包人按监理单位的要求对防浪墙地基进行重新检查，承包人提出增加检查费用2万元。
事件3：截至2012年5月底，承包人累计完成工程进度款为428万元，承包人提交了6月份工程进度款支付申请报告，经监理单位确认的工程进度款为88万元。

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.

First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”

【背景资料】某施工单位承担一矿井采区巷道的施工任务，建设单位要求的工期为15个月， 施工单位根据矿井采区巷道的关系，编制了采区巷道施工网络进度计划，并组 织安排了四个施工队伍进行施工，各施工队伍的施工内容分别为：甲队A、C、J;乙队B、G、K;丙队D、H; 丁队E。
监理单位在审查施工单位进度计划时发现其施工单位安排不合理，建议只安排3 个施工队伍，将丁队的施工任务交由丙队去完成，施工单位通过研究，采纳了 监理的意见。
在工程实施过程中，乙队在进行G工程施工时，遇到了地质资料未注明的含水地层，工作面发生了突水事故，处理该事故延误工期2个月，增加施工成本50万 元，施工单位据此及时提交了相关的索赔申请。
在工程进行到第12个月末时检查发现，甲队施工进度超前，C工程已完成，且J 工程已经施工1个月；乙队因遇含水地层施工进度拖延，G工程刚完工，K工程 尚未开始；丙队施工进度正常。

甲公司为制造业企业，属于增值税一般纳税人，2020 年发生与无形资产相关的经济业务如下：
（1）1 月 10 日，开始研发一项行政管理用非专利技术。1 月份发生研发支出 50 000 元，支付增值税税额 6 500 元；2 月份发生研发支出 30 000 元，支付增值税税额 3 900 元，相关支出均不符合资本化条件。2 月末，经测试该项研发活动完成了研究阶段。
（2）3 月 1 日，研发活动进入开发阶段，陆续发生研发人员薪酬 600 000 元，支付其他研发费用 300 000 元，支付增值税 39 000 元，相关支出已取得增值税专用发票，均符合资本化条件。
（3）7 月 1 日，研发活动结束，经测试该研究项目达到预定技术标准，形成一项非专利技术并投入使用。该项非专利技术预计使用年限为 5 年，采用直线法摊销。
（4）12 月 1 日，将上述非专利技术出租给乙公司，双方约定的租赁期限为一年。月末，甲公司收取当月租金 30 000 元，增值税税额 1 800 元，全部款项已存入银行。
要求：根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列小题
根据资料（1）至（3），下列各项中，甲公司非专利技术的入账价值是（ ）元。

对国际经济法 “广义说” 的观点理解不正确的是 ( )。

2017 年 3 月 2 日，高某到甲公司工作。同年 5 月 4 日甲公 司与高某签订了 1 年期书面劳动合同。同年 10 月因工作需要，甲 公司安排高某于 10 月 1 日（国庆节）， 10 月 14 日（周六）加 班，且未安排补休。2018 年年初，甲公司得知高某已经怀孕，劳 动合同期限届满时，甲公司终止了劳动合同，此时高某仍处于孕期。 已知：甲公司实行标准工时制，高某日工资为 220 元，甲公 司已为高某办理了社会保险登记并按月从其工资中扣缴相关社会保 险费用。要求： 根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列小题。
3. 计算甲公司依法应向高某支付的 2017 年 10 月最低 加班工资的下列算式中，正确的是（     ）。

西方国家针对中国在具体WTO规则领域内关注的问题有哪些（   ）。

【背景资料】
某大型顶进箱涵工程为三孔箱涵，箱涵总跨度22m，高5m，总长度33.66m，共分三节，需穿越5条既有铁路站场线；采用钢板桩后背，箱涵前设钢刃脚，箱涵顶板上表面位于地面下0.6m，箱涵穿越处有一条自来水管需保护。地下水位于地面下3m。箱涵预制工作坑土质为粉质黏土，采用放坡开挖和真空井点降水。
项目部编制了轨道加固方案，采用轨束梁加固线路，以保障列车按正常速度行驶；制定了顶进时对桥（涵）体各部位的测量监控方案，经项目部技术负责人批准后实施。
按原进度计划，箱涵顶进在雨期前施工完成。开工后，由于工作坑施工缓慢，进度严重拖后。预制箱涵达到设计强度并已完成现场线路加固后，顶进施工已进入雨期。项目部加强了降（排）水工作后开始顶进施工。为抢进度保工期，采用轮式装载机直接开入箱涵孔内铲挖开挖面土体，控制开挖面坡度为1:0.65，钢刃脚进土50mm；根据土质确定挖土进尺为0.5m，并且在列车运营过程中连续顶进。
箱涵顶进接近正常运营的第一条线路时，遇一场大雨。第二天正在进行顶进施工时，开挖面坍塌，造成了安全事故。

下列哪些选项属于限制高消费的适用对象？（          ）

2014年1月4日，某铁矿早班22人入井作业，1月4日12时左右，井下水量增大。14时左右，正在井下巡查的技术负责人李某突然发现-80m平巷由南向北出现涌水且涌水量明显增大，遂立即告知带班矿长朱某，朱某立即通知作业人员升井，并报告井上值班矿长杨某。18名井下作业人员陆续升井，-120m水平作业点4名工人未能及时撤离被困井下。事故发生后，市政府立即启动应急救援预案，省、市、县领导亲临现场指导抢险救援工作。经过5天救援，9日10时55分，在南一下山-93m平巷入口下部发现4名被困人员，升井后经医疗机构确诊，4人均已死亡。
根据以上场景，回答下列问题（共22分）：