社会语言学与文化语言学兴起的主要原因各是什么?
“小家伙,你的画棒极了!教师节时,你送给老师的‘礼物’,我至今还挂在书桌前,每当看到它就似乎看到了你天真的大眼睛。每天中午我总是默默的观察你分饭时那不太熟练的动作,那认真的表情和穿梭于食堂与班级的忙碌的身影,你总是最后一个才吃饭。一个学期过去了,孩子,你辛苦了!郑老师多希望你在学习上也能像画画一样专心,成绩也像画画一样出色,对待学习也能像分饭一样认真,那你远在日本的父母和培养你多年的祖父母将多高兴啊!”这是一位班主任给学生写的操行评定。试运用有关理论进行分析。
根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。
设计任务:请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材,设计一节英语读写课的教学方案。教案没有固定格式,但须包含下列要点:
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间:45分钟
学生概况:某城镇普通中学八年级(初中二年级)学生,班级人数40人,多数已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011版)》三级水平,学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材:
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived on the Earth over sixty million years ago. This was a long timebefore people existed. Dinosaurslived everywhere. Some were as small as chickens.Others were as big as ten elephants. Some dinosaurs even had wings andcould fly.
Many dinosaurs were harmless.They were as gentle as sheep and ate plants.Otherswere harmful.They were fiercer than tigers and ate meat.
Dinosaurs alldied out suddenly. Nobody knows why. We know about the lives of dinosaurs from the skeletons, eggs and footprints they left behind.

Diogenes
Diogenes was a famous thinker. He lived in Greece about two thousand years ago.He taught that the way to be happy was to own as few things as possible. All heowned was a big jar that he lived in, a coat, a bag and a cup. He was very happy.One day, Diogenes saw a boy drinking water from his hands by a fountain, so he threw away his cup and became even happier.

1.题目:儿歌《小蚱蜢学跳高》
2.内容:
《小蚱蜢学跳高》
小蚱蜢,
学跳高,
一跳跳上狗尾草,
腿一弹,
脚一翘,
“哪个有我跳的高”,
草一摇,
摔一跤,
头上跌个大青包。
3.基本要求:
(1)设计一个适合4-5岁年龄段的儿童活动。
(2)根据儿歌内容进行仿编。
(3)请在10分钟内完成上述任务。
4.答辩题目:
(1)针对此次活动你怎样帮助幼儿仿编儿歌?
(2)你是什么学校毕业的,学的是否为本专业?
案例:
【胶体的课堂导入】教师上课用PPT展示图片,万道金光射到森林中的景象(丁达尔现象),三角洲的形成(胶体的凝聚),黄山晨雾美景,工厂上方浓烟(气溶胶),烟水晶,有色玻璃(固溶胶)等。教师提问:“同学们,你们知道这些现象是什么吗?这些物质是怎么形成的吗?”同学们看到这些图片觉得特别有意思,已经激发起学习的兴趣。教师接着说:“我们这节课来学习胶体的相关知识,通过本节课的学习,上面的那些疑问就可以迎刃而解。”
【金属钠的性质与应用的课堂导入】教师演示趣味实验——滴水点灯。教师说:“大家都知道水能灭火,但是你们见过水也能点灯吗?下面请同学们看看水是不是真能点灯。”然后往酒精灯的灯芯滴入几滴水。学生马上看到了异常现象,灭火的水即燃,询问学生产生该现象的原因,由此激起学生探究新知识的欲望。然后,教师指出酒精灯的灯芯中事先放入了一小块钠,同学们想知道钠的作用就一起来学习“金属钠的性质与应用”。
问题:
(1)什么是课堂导入?(3分)
(2)教师课堂行为中,课堂导入要遵循哪些原则?(7分)
(3)现代中学化学课堂导入类型主要有哪些?案例中的教师分别采用的是哪种导入类型?(10分)