社会语言学与文化语言学兴起的主要原因各是什么？

从选课形式上看，可将课程分为（　　）、限选课程和（　　）。

简述激发小学生学习动机的方法。

某公务员甲因情感纠纷与同事乙发生争执，将乙打伤。事后，甲所在的国家机关对其作出开除公职的处分，并移交司法机关处理。法院认为甲的行为构成犯罪，判处甲有期徒刑1年，并赔偿乙的医药费。甲在狱中接受采访时表示今后要痛改前非，重新做人，并希望他人从中吸取教训，不要重蹈覆辙。
请运用法理学知识和理论回答下列问题：
上述材料涉及哪几类法律责任？

请认真阅读下列材料，并按要求作答。

请根据上述材料完成下列任务：
(l)依据上述材料，设计本节课的教学目标。（10分）
(2)依据本节课的教学目标，设计本节课的教学重难点。（10分）
(3)依据教学目标和重难点，设计本节课的导入并说明理由。（20分）

在复习过程中，分散复习的效果优于集中复习的效果。

下面教学片段选自两位英语教师的课堂实录（片段中T指教师，S指学生）。

根据上面所给的信息，从下列三个方面作答：
（1）学生在对话中的语言错误是什么？（4分）
（2）请就两位教师的纠错方式进行评价。（10分）
（3）课堂教学中还可以采用哪种纠错方式？请举例说明。（16分）

简述昆体良的教学理论。

公司财务与会计活动的主要区别是什么?

汉语的音系由声、（）、调和它们的相互关系的规则构成。[中山大学]

设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语听说教学方案。
教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
●  teaching objectives
●  teaching contents
●  key and difficult points
●  major steps and time allocation
●  activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通高中二年级（第一学期），班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》七级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
The Louvre
From the earliest times, man has been interested in art.  People have often worked together to collect and save the world's art treasure.  Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France.  The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries.
The Louvre has not always been a museum.  The ftrst building was a fort.  In 1190, it was the kings' castle with high walls and a round tower.  It had a moat to keep out his enemies.  Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew.  By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort.  The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
When Francis I became king of France in 1515,he brought in artists from many countries.  One of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from Italy.  Da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" is the best known painting in the museum today.  In 1973, the Louvre became a public museum, just as it is now.  It is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy.