书面语和口语的区别和联系？汉字对汉语口语和书面语的影响有哪些不同于拼音文字？[北京大学]

为什么说环境在儿童身心发展中起重要作用但不起决定作用？

为预防井筒涌水造成的混凝土施工质量问题，可采取哪些措施？请分别指出施工单位所提出和采取的防水措施合理与不合理之处。

恶性肿瘤病史采集的要点

请认真阅读下列材料，并按要求作答。
千米的认识
学生A:从这里到叶镇还要21千米。
学生B:从这里到灵山还要23千米。
学生C：千米也叫公里，是比米大的长度单位，你知道1千米有多长吗？
学生D:运动场跑一圈是400米，两圈半正好是1千米。
1千米（公里）= 1000米
教师：到操场上量出100米的距离，走走看，看看有多远，10个100米就是1千米。
请根据上述材料完成下列任务：
(1)如指导小学三年级学生学习以上材料，试拟定教学目标和教学重点。（15分）
（2）依据拟定的教学目标和教学重点，设计本节课的新授环节。（25分）

梁效（南开大学；山东大学）

设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语阅读教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通高中二年级（第一学期）学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》七级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
语言素材：
Business Motorola set out a special training plan programme for children last week with the aim of developing children's business skills and preparing them for a future as entrepreneurs.
Eighty-seven children aged between 12 and 16 from Beijing and Tianjin attended the one-week training programme called Youth Discovery directed by Motorola University's(MU) instructors and marketing specialists. The children learned about dealing with a practical problem-marketing and worked out a marketing plan by themselves. Last week 26 children of Motorola employees in Tianjin completed their training in the MU-Tianjin Learning Center.
Through the training programme, children learnt how to get information through different kinds of sources, determine end-user needs, make up messages of value to customers, and communicate using various means and equipment.
Educators acted only as team directors, providing children to discover their own answers. The  children gave their solutions to Motorola's management and their parents on the last day of the programme.
The children, most of whom were primary and middle school students, presented themselves freely. The students said that they preferred the open and practical way of learning.
Youth Discovery, started by Motorola's former president Robert Galvin, designed and carried out by Motorola University, aimed to bring the talents of young people into full play and encouraged them to discover how their skills can contribute to a team to help it reach an aim.

工作分析（东财2015年研；浙大2011年研；华东理工2006年研）

画出调整后的施工进度计划图，并根据特种设备使用的特殊情况，调整后的网络图总工期是多少？

简述路透（Paul Julius Reuter）其人。

素质教育就是多开展课外活动、多上文体课。