叶某为做木材生意赚钱，以造林为由提出申请，经乡林业站同意后，到县林业局办理了在“那地坡”（地名）采伐250立方米青钢木的采伐许可证。其中，在县林业局办证时，主管许可证发放的张某听说叶某是为了做木材生意，遂产生趁此机会赚笔钱的念头。在发放许可证的时候，授意叶某可以多砍一些，然后对半分。叶某即提出多增加100立方米的采伐额，张某同意，并发放了该250立方米的采伐许可证。随后，叶某在那地坡和邻近的青山坡砍伐了400立方米的青钢木。后被告发。张某的行为构成（ ）。
违法发放林木采伐许可证罪。
滥伐林木罪。
滥用职权罪。
贪污罪。
【背景资料】
某新建住宅工程，地上 18 层，首层为非标准层，结构现浇，工期 8 天。2 层~18 层为标准层，采用装配式结构体系。其中，墙体以预制墙板为主，楼板以预制叠合板为主。所有构件通过塔吊吊装。
经验收合格的预制构件按计划要求分批进场，构件生产单位向施工单位提供了相关质量证明文件。
某 A 型预制叠合板，进场后在指定区域按不超过 6 层码放。最下层直接放在通长型钢支垫上，其他层与层之间使用垫木。垫木距板端 300mm，间距 1800mm。
预制叠合板安装工艺包含：①测量放线；②支撑架体搭设；③叠合板起吊；④位置、标高确认；⑤叠合板落位；⑥支撑架体调节；⑦摘钩。
存放区靠放于专用支架的某 B 型预制外墙板，与地面倾斜角度为 60°。即将起吊时突遇 6 级大风及大雨，施工人员立即停止作业，塔吊吊钩仍挂在外墙板预埋吊环上。风雨过后，施工人员直接将该预制外墙板吊至所在楼层，利用外轮廓线控制就位后，设置 2 道可调斜撑临时固定。
验收合格后进行叠合层和叠合板接缝处混凝土浇筑。
依据拟定的教学目标，设计教学活动并说明理由。
无器械模仿练习
学生徒手模拟“各就位—预备”动作，教师巡回指导，纠正身体姿态。
起跑器分解练习
分组练习：每2人一组，一人练习，一人观察并反馈(如臀部高度、手臂角度)。在“预备”姿势时保持3秒，强化重心控制能力。
纠错：教师巡回指导，针对学生个体问题(如重心后仰、蹬地无力)进行一对一纠正。
完整动作练习
结合口令(“各就位—预备—跑”)进行完整起跑练习，重点体验蹬地与摆臂的配合。
设计理由：通过模仿练习、分解动作练习和小组学习的形式，降低动作难度，逐层完成动作，突破教学重难点，保证学生安全学习，提高课堂学习效率。
④检验——看谁跑得快!
将学生分成4组，进行30米蹲踞式起跑比赛，记录每组最快成绩，评选“最佳起跑组”。教师根据动作规范性(如重心控制、蹬地角度)对每组代表进行评分，反馈改进方向。
表扬进步明显的学生，强调“反应速度”与“动作协调性”是提升起跑的关键。
设计理由：以比赛的形式对本课教学内容进行检验，可以提高学生的学习热情、竞争意识及对体育课堂的喜爱。
环节三：结束部分
①放松活动：两人一组互相拍打、按摩肩背部和四肢。
②课堂小结。
③师生再见，回收器材。
设计理由：整理放松环节有助于学生运动后的迅速恢复，平复心境，并通过总结及下课，帮助学生认识到本节课的收获，获得情感上的提升，养成收拾器材的良好习惯。
某本地网架空光缆线路工程全程300km，于3月9日开工，7月10日完工。建设单位于7月18日至7月25日组织工程初验，8月1日该工程投入试运行。建设单位于11月8日组织了竣工验收，并颁发了竣工验收证书，设备正式投入运营。省通信工程质量监督站由于到11月24日仍未收到竣工验收备案申请，遂向建设单位下达备案通知，否则将对其进行处罚。
【背景资料】
某集团公司承建高速铁路站前工程第一标段，其中某桥梁主跨为(48+80+48)m双线预应力混凝土连续箱梁，采用悬臂浇筑法施工，边跨直线段采用满堂支架现浇。
施工过程中发生以下事件：
事件1：连续箱梁施工前，施工队拟配置的梁部施工设备有：垂直运输设备、水平运输设备、压浆设备、托架、支架、模板、试验设备。
事件2：边跨直线段施工前，项目经理部编制了专项施工方案：要求将施工作业平台脚手架与梁部模板连接牢固，以增加脚手架的安全性。底模安装完成后，对支架进行预压，预压重量设定为最大施工荷载的1.0倍，分三次预压到位。
事件3：项目经理部委托了第三方监测单位对梁部线形进行监测。标准梁段施工前，项目经理部对施工队进行了技术交底，要求每浇筑完成3个梁段后，根据第三方监测单位的监测数据调整梁部线形；梁段混凝土达到张拉条件后，前移挂篮，再张拉纵向预应力筋；合龙段施工前，应分析气温变化情况，在施工当天选定近5天平均气温时段锁定合龙口并浇筑混凝土；中跨合龙段混凝土具备张拉条件后，先拆除O#块支座临时固结，再张拉底板预应力筋。
World War II was the watershed event for higher education in modern Western societies. (46) Those societies came out of the war with levels of enrollment that had been roughly constant at
3-5% of the relevant age groups during the decades before the war. But after the war, great social and political changes arising out of the successful war against Fascism created a growing demand in European and American economies for increasing numbers of graduates with more than a
secondary school education(47) And the demand that rose in those societies for entry to higher education extended to groups and social classes that had not thought of attending a university before the war. These demands resulted in a very rapid expansion of the systems of higher education, beginning in the 1960s and developing very rapidly (though unevenly) during the 1970s and 1980s.
The growth of higher education manifests itself in at least three quite different ways, and these in turn have given rise to different sets of problems. There was first the rate of growth: (48) in many countries of Western Europe,the numbers of students in higher education doubled within
five-year periods during the 1960s and doubled again in seven, eight, or 10 years by the middle of
the 1970s. Second, growth obviously affected the absolute size both of systems and individual institutions. And third, growth was reflected in changes in the proportion of the
relevant age group enrolled in institutions of higher education.
Each of these manifestations of growth carried its own peculiar problems in its wake. For example, a high growth rate placed great strains on the existing structures of governance, of administration, and above all of socialization. When a faculty or department grows from, say, five to 20 members within three or four years, (49) and when the new staff are predominantly young men and women fresh from postgraduate study, they largely define the norms of academic life in that faculty. And if the postgraduate student population also grows rapidly and there is loss of a close apprenticeship relationship between faculty members and students, the student culture becomes the chief socializing force for new postgraduate students, with consequences for the intellectual and academic life of the institution—this was seen in America as well as in France, Italy, West Germany, and Japan. (50) High growth rates increased the chances for academic innovation; they also weakened the forms and processes by which teachers and students are admitted into a community of scholars during periods of stability or slow growth. In the 1960s and 1970s, European universities saw marked changes in their governance arrangements, with empowerment of junior faculty and to some degree of students as well.
甲公司对投资性房地产采用公允价值模式进行后续计量，2020年与A办公楼相关的交易或事项如下：
资料一，2020年1月1日，甲公司以银行存款12000万元购入A办公楼，并于当日出租给乙公司使用，且已办妥相关手续，租期2年，500万元/年，租金每半年收一次。
资料二，2020年6月30日，甲公司收到首期租金250万元，并存入银行，当日，该办公楼公允价值为11800万元。
资料三：2020年9月20日，甲公司出售了该办公楼，价款为12500万元。
要求：根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列小题。（答案中的金额单位用“万元”表示）
（5）从取得至出售，该办公楼影响利润的金额为（）万元。
【背景资料】某机场新建一条跑道，北端为I类精密进近灯光系统，南端为II类精密进近灯光系统。A单位承接跑道中心以北区域的场道工程。B单位承接跑道中心以南区域的场道工程。C单位承接目视助航工程。甲安装队15人，乙安装队10人。
调试过程中出现了以下不正常情况，两个供电回路都打开时跑道中线灯颜色和编码均正常。仅开启第一供电回路时，跑道中线灯末端300米显示红色。仅开启第二供电回路时，跑道末端900米全部显示红色。
质量验收时，第一回路的绝缘电阻是8MΩ，第二回路的绝缘电阻是800MΩ。
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,0He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $8The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic heroin.
(41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,1He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams’ s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’ s gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being.
(42) ______________.
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’ s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well.
(43) ______________.
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall,
(44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ______________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.
[A]Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
[C]By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.
[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.
[E]David Williams’ s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.
[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
[G]The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
【背景资料】
某市政公司承包某路段的改建工程，全长2. 5km，工期为当年7月至次年2月。该路段为四快二慢主干道，道路结构层：机动车道20cm石灰土底基层，45cm二灰碎石基层，9cm粗、4cm细沥青混凝土面层；非机动车道为20cm石灰土底基层，30cm二灰碎石基层，6cm粗、3cm细沥青混凝土面层；两侧为彩色人行道石板。
项目部进场后，项目技术负责人即编制了实施性的施工组织设计，其中规定由项目部安全员定期组织安全检查。该施工组织设计经上一级技术负责人审批同意后，即开始工程项目的实施。
在实施过程中，项目部将填方工程分包给某工程队，当土方第一层填筑、碾压后，项目部现场取样、测试，求得该层土实测干密度，工程队随即进行上层填土工作。监理工程师发现后，立即向该工程队发出口头指示，责令暂停施工。整改完毕符合验收程序后，又继续施工。在一次安全检查中，监理发现一名道路工在电箱中接线，经查证，属违反安全操作规程。
按工程进展，沥青混凝土面层施工至冬期，监理工程师要求项目部提供沥青混凝土面层施工措施。
【问题】
【背景资料】
某办公楼工程，建筑面积18500m2，现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构，筏板基础。该工程位于市中心，场地狭小，开挖土方需上运至指定地点，建设单位通过公开招标方式选定了施工总承包单位和监理单位，并按规定签订了施工总承包合同和监理委托合同，施工总承包单位进场后按合同要求提交了总进度计划，如图所示（时间单位：月），并经过监理工程师审查和确认。 
合同履行过程中，发生了下列事件：
事件一：施工总承包单位进场后，采购了110吨Ⅱ级钢筋，钢筋出厂合格证明材料齐全，施工总承包单位将同一炉罐号的钢筋组批，在监理工程师见证下，取样复试。复试合格后，施工总承包单位在现场采用冷拉方法调直钢筋，冷拉率控制为3%，监理工程师责令施工总承包单位停止钢筋加工工作。
事件二：基础工程施工完成后，在施工总承包单位自检合格、总监理工程师签署“质量控制资料符合要求”的审查意见基础上，施工总承包单位项目经理组织施工单位质量部门负责、监理工程师进行了分部工程验收。
事件三、当施工进行到第5 个月时，因建设单位设计变更导致工作 B 延期 2 个月，造成施工总承包单位施工机械停工损失费 13000 元和施工机械操作人员窝工费 2000元，施工总承包单位提出一项工期索赔和两项费用索赔。
