【背景资料】

某高速公路上下行分离式隧道，洞口间距40m，左线长3216m，右线长3100m，左右线隧道跨度都为10m，隧道最大埋深500m，进出口为浅埋段，IV 级围岩，洞身地质条件复杂，地质报告指出，隧道穿越地层为三叠系底层，岩性主要为炭质泥岩、砂岩、泥岩砂岩互层，且有瓦斯设防段、涌水段和岩爆段，I、II、III 级围岩大致各占1/3，节理裂隙发育，岩层十分破碎，且穿越一组背斜，在其褶曲轴部地带中的炭质泥岩及薄煤层中并存有瓦斯等有害气体，有瓦斯聚集涌出的可能，应对瓦斯重点设防，加强通风、瓦斯监测等工作。

   事件一：考虑到该隧道地质情况与进度要求，所以该隧道应采用全断面开挖。同时针对该隧道采用的新奥法施工，提出了“少扰动，早喷锚、勤测量、紧封闭”的基本原则。

  事件二：隧道施工过程中为防止发生塌方冒顶事故，项目部加强了施工监控量测，量测项目有洞内外观测，锚杆或锚索内力及抗拔力、地表下沉、围岩体内位移、支护及衬砌内应力。隧道现场监控量测应成立专门量测小组，由施工单位或委托其他单位承担量测任务。 量测组负责测点埋设、日常量测、数据处理和仪器保养维修工作，并及时将量测信息反馈于施工和设计。现场监控量测应按量测计划认真组织实施，并与其他施工环节紧密配合， 不得中断工作。各预埋测点应牢固可靠，易于识别并妥善保护，不得任意撤换和遭到破坏。

   事件三：在涌水段的结构防水层施工时，在压浆地段混凝土衬砌达设计强度70%时，在衬砌背后进行压浆作为防水。针对该隧道施工过程中涌水段施工，采用井点降水法降水,编制了应急预案，并定期进行救援演练。

   事件四：在施工过程中，该隧道洞身掘进采用预裂爆破方法，炮眼布置形式如图。由于管理人员安全意识薄弱，隧道开挖过程中未严格按照安全要求进行及时支护，存在生产安全重大事故隐患，监理单位要求施工单位组织编写重大事故隐患治理方案。同时也组织经验丰富的人员严格按照“两项达标”、“四项严禁”、“五项制度”的总目标对其他项目开展了安全生产事故隐患排查治理活动。

事件五：隧道竣工后，在直线地段每50m、曲线地段每20m及需要测断面处，测绘以路线中线为准的隧道实际净空，标出拱顶高程、起拱线宽度、路面水平宽度。隧道永久中线点，应在竣工测量后用混凝土包埋金属标志。洞内水准点每公里应埋设一个，短1km的隧道应至少设一个，并应在隧道边墙上画出标志。最后提交了测量竣工资料，包括净空断面测量和永久中线点、水准点的实测成果及示意图。

某安装公司承包 2×200MW 火力发电厂 1 号机组的全部机电安装工程，工程主要内容包括锅炉、汽轮发电机 组、油浸式电力变压器、蒸汽管道系统、35kV 交联电力电缆、化学水系统、输煤系统、电除尘装置等安装。
安装公司项目部进场后，编制了施工组织总设计，制定项目考核成本。施工组织总设计的主要内容有工程概况、施工准备、施工进度计划、主要施工方案。
蒸汽管道系统热力管道系统安装时，参照设计文件一段热膨胀量为 40mm 的管道安装示意图如下。

安装公司项目部重视施工技术交底工作，在各工程的开工前，技术人员对施工人员进行了施工技术交底。在 油浸式电力变压器安装时，由于变压器附件到货晚，导致整体工期滞后，绝缘油经过外观检查之后即注入油浸变压器。
35kV 电力电缆交接试验时，电气试验人员按照施工方案与《电气设备交接试验标准》要求，对 35kV 电力电 缆进行了直流耐压试验、交流耐压试验、相位检查等。 

背景资料

某高校新建两栋办公楼和两栋实验楼，均为现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构。在施工组织设计中，施工进度计划以时标网络图（单位：月）形式表示。第8个月，施工单位对现场实际进度进行检查，并在时标网络图中绘制了实际进度前锋线，如下图所示：

背景：某施工单位承担一金属矿山井底车场施工任务。合同约定：井底车场施工的运输、供电、通风等辅助工作由建设单位负责，工程材料由施工单位负责。施工单位根据该矿井井底车场巷道的关系，编制了井底车场的施工网络进度计划，如图2所示。

工程施工中发生了以下事件：
事件1：在主井联络巷D施工中，施工单位采用全断面一次爆破，由于工作面围岩硬度突然变大，与建设单位提供的地质资料偏差较大，造成掘进作业困难，施工单位调整了爆破设计方案，导致D工作延误5d，增加了费用支出5万元。
事件2：建设单位提供的地质资料显示，泵房及变电所工程E的工作面围岩稳定性较差，在实际施工中，施工单位为加快施工工期，未及时采取相应的支护措施，导致部分围岩冒落，E工作延误25d，增加了施工成本15万元。
事件3：大型设备换装硐室J施工时，由于通风系统故障导致通风能力不足，使得施工进度拖延，因解决通风问题延误工期10d，多支出费用10万元。又因施工单位工程材料准备不足，导致J工作延误5d。

清算人在清算期间执行下列事务：( )。

原始凭证一般不得外借，其他单位如因特殊原因需要使用原始凭证时，经本单位会计机构负责人（会计主管人员）批准，可以复制。(   )

当前部分学校德育实效性不高，主要是教育认知方面的局限，与德育方法的选择无关。()

Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel

Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.

When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy airtraffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to coordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight.

As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.

年龄越小的幼儿在完成数数任务时越需要借助外部的动作，如用手一一点数。(  )

【背景资料】某煤矿设计生产能力1000万吨/年，采用主、副斜井及两立井混合开拓方式，单水平盘区式开采。主斜井设计倾角5.5°，斜长2463m，直墙半圆拱形断面，净断面面积16.5㎡，副斜井设计倾角5.5°，斜井2455m，直墙半圆拱形断面，净断面面积21.5㎡，两斜井相距40m，间隔80m左右设有联络巷。为了保证提升安全，施工组织设计中规定了阻车器、防止跑车装置和跑车防护装置的设置要求。
主、副斜井井口采用明槽开挖法施工，现浇钢筋混凝土支护。施工时明槽内涌水量达到4m³/h，施工单位及时采取有效应对措施，确保了工程顺利施工。巷道掘进断面顶部与地表距离2米，工程于2024年6月开工，恰逢当地雨季，施工单位加强了排水工作，设置观察点观测边坡及迎脸的变形情况，采取支撑加固 法临时支护边坡和迎脸。明槽采用挖掘机直接开挖，后遇到冲积层胶结，直接挖掘有困难，施工单位及时采取措施，顺利通过胶结段。从明槽进入暗硐时采取超前临时支护，确保了施工安全。
主、副斜井基岩段采取钻爆法施工，锚、网、喷支护。施工单位根据建设单位要求，制定了机械化配套方案实施快速施工。利用气腿式凿岩机钻眼，3.5m中深孔炮眼全断面光面爆破。装载机配合自卸车运输排矸、锚网喷临时支护、滞后工作面50m再进行全断面复喷成巷永久支护。利用联络巷实现了主、副斜井掘进与支护交替作业。高效地完成了两井筒施工。

企业将应纳资源税的自产矿产品用于产品生产时，应交纳的资源税在利润表“税金及附加”项目中列示。（  ）