案例二【背景资料】
A公司承包某项目的机电工程，工程内容:建筑.给排水、建筑电气和通风空调工程等。工程设备、材料由A公司采购。A公司经业主同意后，将室内给排水及照明工程分包给B公司施工。A公司进场后，依据项目施工总进度计划和施工方案，编制了设备、材料采购计划，并及时订立采购合同。在材料送达施工现场时，施工人员按验收工作的规定，对材料进行验收,还对重要材料进行了复检，均符合要求。B公司依据本公司的人力资源现状，编制了照明工程和室内给排水施工作业进度计划(见表1)，工期122天。该计划被A公司否定，要求B公司修改作业进度计划，加快进度。B公司在工作持续时间不变的情况下，将排水、给水管道施工的开始时间提前到6月1日，增加施工人员，使室内给排水和照明工程按A公司要求完工。在工程质量验收中，A公司指出水泵管道接头和压力表安装存在质量问题(见图1),要求B公司组织施工人员进行返工，返工后质量验收合格。
【背景资料】某施工单位承建客运专线某黄土隧道工程。该工程为单洞双线隧道，全长4300m，起止里程为DK126+000～DK130+300。隧道围岩级别以IV、V级为主，DK127+500～DK127+900段局部有地下水。全隧按进、出口两个工区组织施工。该隧道V级围岩地段采用开挖方法示意图所示的开挖方法施工，施工工艺详见施工工艺流程图。施工中发生以下事件：4月2日上午7时，施工人员开始对DK127+512～DK127+522段仰拱进行施工。
施工内容包括：挖掘机开挖、基坑抽水、补打边墙锁脚锚杆、钢拱架架设、喷射混凝土等作业。当日下午4时在喷射混凝土作业时，安全员发现拱部初期支护混凝土开裂、掉块，钢拱架变形，立即通知现场人员撤离。10分钟后该段发生坍塌，未造成人员伤亡。
【背景资料】
某水利工程经监理人批准的施工网络进度计划如下图所示（单位:天）
合同约定：如工程工期提前，奖励标准为10000元/天；如工程工期延误，支付违约金标准为10000元/天。
当工程施工按计划进行到第110天末时，因承包人的施工设备故障造成E工作中断施工。为保证工程顺利完成，有关人员提出以下施工调整方案：
方案一：修复设备。设备修复后E工作继续进行，修复时间是20天。
方案二：调剂设备。B工作所用的设备能满足E工作的需要，故使用B工作的设备完成E工作未完成工作量，其他工作均按计划进行。
方案三：租赁设备。租赁设备的运输安装调试时间为10天。设备正式使用期间支付租赁费用，其标准为350元/天。
某证券公司从事证券经纪和证券承销与保荐业务。2022年12月31日该证券公司的财务数据显示，该证券公司核心资本150亿元，附属净资本50亿元，表内外资产总额2000亿元，各项风险资本准备之和175亿元。
甲被某国有企业派往其参股的某非国有期货公司担任经理，在职期间，甲擅自动用公司的公款用于个人购买股票，准备赚了钱以后归还。但由于甲缺乏股票知识，赔了不少钱，不得不连续挪用公款达10万元，最终甲无力归还。则甲的行为构成( )。
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.
[E]Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
[G]For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
【背景资料】
某水电站厂房为现浇钢筋混凝土结构，监理人批准的施工网络计划如下图所示。在施工中发生如下事件：
事件一：在工程进行到第4个月时，由设计变更，增加一项K工作，工作持续时间为2个月，核定工程量为34万元，安排在B工作后开始，并在F工作开始前完成。
事件二：由于F工作的钢筋安装不合格，需重新处理，F工作实际完成时间为4．5个月，增加费用3万元。
事件三：因G工作实际工程量超过计划工程量，导致完成时间推迟1个月，经监理确认增加工程量费用为12万元。
案例（一）
【背景资料】某新建中型拦河闸工程，施工期由上、下游填筑的土石围堰挡水，其中上游围堰断面示意图如图 1-1 所示。闸室底板与消力池底板之间设铜止水片，止水布置示意图如图 1-2 所示。工程施工过程中发生如下事件：
事件一：施工单位依据《水利水电工程施工组织设计规范》(SL303-2017)，采用简化毕肖普法，对围堰边坡稳定进行计算，其中上游围堰背水侧边坡稳定安全系数计算结果为 1.25。
事件二：施工单位根据《水利水电工程施工安全导则》(SL721-2015)，编制了围堰专项施工方案，并组织有关专业技术人员进行审核。
事件三：闸墩混凝土拆模后，施工单位对混凝土外观质量进行检查，发现闸墩存在多条竖向裂缝。
【问题】
