（二）
背景资料：
某施工企业中标承建了一座日处理污水能力为20000t污水处理厂工程，为防止初沉池、二沉池、曝气池等薄壁钢筋混凝土排水构筑物产生裂缝，施工时采取了如下措施：
1.加大水泥用量，增加混凝土的和易性。
2.增加坍落度，提高混凝土的扩散度。
3.选择低温时浇筑。
4.为了能尽早拆除模板，加快模板周转。采用提高混凝土的入模温度的办法，提高混凝土的早期强度。
结果事与愿违，混凝土仍出现了裂缝。
案例（二）【背景资料】
某公司承建城市主干道的地下隧道工程，长520m,采用明挖法施工、闭合框架结构，隧道基坑深12m。基坑安全等级为一级，围护桩为钻孔灌注桩，截水帷幕为双排水泥土搅拌桩，两道内支撑中间设立柱支撑；基坑侧壁与隧道侧墙的净距为1m
施工过程发生如下事件：
事件一、进场踏勘发现有一条横跨隧道的架空高压线无法转移，鉴于水泥土搅拌桩机设备高，与高压线距离近，施工危险，导致高压线两侧共计20m范围内水泥土搅拌桩无法施工。项目部建议变更此范围内的截水帷幕桩形式，建设单位同意进行设计变更。
事件二、坑内降压井施工时，在埋设护筒时发现钻孔部位有过路电缆管，项目部及时调整了降水井位置。
事件三、在挖土过程中发现围护结构有两处出现渗漏现象，渗漏水为清水，项目部立即采取堵漏措施予以处理。
【案例三】某安装公司承接一商务楼（地上30层、地下2层）的电梯安装工程，工程有32层32站曳引式电梯8台，工期为90天，开工时间为3月18日，其中6台客梯需智能群控，2台消防电梯需在4月30日交付使用，并通过消防验收，在工程后期作为施工电梯使用。电梯井道的脚手架、机房及层门预留孔的安全技术措施由建筑公司实施。
安装公司项目部进场后，将拟安装的电梯工程，书面告知了电梯安装工程所在地的特种设备安全监督部门，并按合同要求编制了电梯施工方案和电梯施工进度计划（见表4）。电梯安装前，项目部对机房的设备基础、井道的建筑结构进行检测，土建施工质量均符合电梯安装要求：曳引电机、轿厢、层门等部件外观检查合格，并采用建筑塔吊及施工升降机将部件搬运到位。安装中，项目部重点关注了层门等部件的安全技术要求，消防电梯按施工进度计划完成，并验收合格。
施工进度到客梯单机试运行调试时，有一台客梯轿厢晃动厉害，经检查是导轨的安装精度未达到技术要求，安装人员对导轨重新校正固定，单机试运行合格，但导轨的校正固定，使单机试运行比原工序多用了3天，其后面的工序（群控试运行调试、竣工验收）均按工序时间实施，电梯安装工程比合同工期提前完工，交付业主。
表4 电梯施工进度计划
某安装公司承包大型制药厂的机电安装工程，工程内容：设备、管道和通风空调等工程安装。安装公司对 施工组织设计的前期实施，进行了监督检查：施工方案齐全，临时设施通过验收，施工人员按计划进场，施工 技术交底满足施工要求。不锈钢管道系统安装后，施工人员用洁净水(氯离子含量小于 25ppm)对管道系统进行 试压时(见图 1)，监理工程师认为压力试验条件不符合规范规定，要求整改。
由于现场条件限制，有部分工艺管道系统无法进行水压试验，经设计和建设单位同意，允许安装公司对管 道环向对接焊缝和组成件连接焊缝采用 100%无损检测，代替现场水压试验，检测后设计单位对工艺管道系统进 行了分析，符合质量要求，检查金属风管制作质量时，监理工程师对少量风管的板材拼接有十字形接缝提出整 改要求。
安装公司进行了返修和加固，风管加固后外形尺寸改变但仍能满足安全使用要求，验收合格。
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic human need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46)yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardeners, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal life, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.
【背景资料】甲铁矿为地下矿山，共有员工780人，拟对该矿的尾矿库进行加高扩容工程四期建设，该尾矿库采用湿式放矿、上游式筑坝，初期坝高20m、坝底标高+400m，堆积坝最终标高+560m，每级子坝高5m、台阶宽5m，全库容1700×10⁴m³。2016年1月，委托某安全评价公司完成了《安全预评价报告》，2016年1月24日，该矿组织专家对《安全预评价报告》进行了评审并予以通过。2016年3月，该矿委托某设计院出具《变更安全设施设计》。2016年4月，有关安全生产监督管理机关组织通过了《变更安全设施设计》评审。2016年4月25日该矿以包工包料形式委托给乙公司组织施工。
2016年5月10日开始施工。2017年3月11日中班，乙方项目部安排朱某、成某等6名工人，在坝上进行膜袋灌沙、扎口及排水作业，18时30分，甲方夜班巡坝工严某、郭某按照班组管理制度要求到达现场进行了正常交接班，2人均按照巡检周期（2h）对坝体进行巡查一次，巡查过程中未见异常情况。12日凌晨2时10分正在进行膜袋施工的朱某和成某，发现其所处工作区域（北部）的坝体开始下沉。
凌晨2时20分，郭某再次上坝检查时，发现尾矿库西北段坝体溃塌，立刻向调度员李某报告，李某立即向车间主任张某报告。事故发生后，当地市政府第一时间启动应急响应。溃口于3月24日实现合拢，开始进入坝面调平加高阶段，基本完成尾砂坝临时处置工程。
事故淹没下游鱼塘近400亩，造成下游居民2人死亡，1人失联。
经事故调查发现：该尾矿库坝体溃坝段底部为采空区，采空区的顶板花岗岩经长期风化侵蚀而坍塌。甲铁矿关于尾矿库管理的安全生产责任制和安全管理制度长期缺失，没有明确管理人员和巡坝人员职责。安全投入不足，没有严格按照规定提取使用安全费用。对坝体的安全监测如位移等监控设施布设间距不符合规定。每年的员工全员培训内容，仅包含劳动防护用品的穿戴。同时安全管理人员和技术人员缺乏，人员配备不足。
根据以上场景，回答下列问题：
背景资料：
某城市环路立交桥工程长为1.5km，其中跨越主干道路部分采用钢混凝土组合梁结构，跨径为47.6m，鉴于吊装的单节钢梁重量大，又在城市主干道上施工，承建该工程的施工项目部为此制订了施工技术方案，拟采取以下措施：
措施一：为保证吊车的安装作业，占用一条慢行车道，选择在夜间时段，自行封路后进行钢梁吊装作业。
措施二：请具有相关资质的研究部门对钢梁结构在安装施工过程中不同受力状态下的强度、刚度及稳定性进行验算。
措施三：将安全风险较大的临时支架的搭设，通过招标程序分包给专业公司，签订分包合同，并按有关规定收取安全风险保证金。
【背景资料】某工业厂房工程采用地梁基础，按照已审批的施工方案组织实施。在第一区域施工过程中，材料已送检。为了在停电（季度）检查保养系统电路之前完成第一区域基础的施工，施工单位负责人未经监理许可，在材料送检还没有得到检验结果时，擅自决定进行混凝土施工。待地梁混凝土浇筑完毕后，发现水泥试验报告中某些检验项目质量不合格。造成该分部工程返工拆除重做，工期延误16天，经济损失达20000元，并造成一定的信誉影响。
In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?
A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. Here are a few ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees:
Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are
much more biased than what AI does,” says Pedro Domingos, author of The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World and a computer science professor at the University of Washington."(41)__________________________________________
"One company that's doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.
Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. (42)______
These are “tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H.Winston, a professor of artificial intelligence and computer science at MIT.
Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately access risk. Domingos says,“ (43) ________________________.”
“Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” (44) .
A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it’s very expensive,” says Domingos. “ (45)______________________________.”
