某工程网络计划中，工作N最早完成时间为17天，持续时间为3天，该工作有三项紧后工作，它们的最早开始时间分别为第21天、第22天和第23天，则工作N的自由时差为（   ）天。

患者，女，30岁。喜酸食，左下前牙胀痛，伸长感3d，来诊。检查：前牙开，左下中切牙牙体未见明显龋坏，牙体变色，切缘磨耗重，唇舌侧牙齿表面呈熔融状外观，叩痛（++），X线片示根尖区暗影，龈正常，未探及牙周袋。除常规治疗外，应给予患者的口腔卫生指导是（  ）。

下列药物中，不属于中枢性镇咳药的是

Passage 2

Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people. Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies,"says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wirzburg, Germany, who led the research.

"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies, but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life, within the last trimester,"said Wermke."Contraryto orthodox interpretations, these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development."

It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus, in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is, since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound,"says Wermke. This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages, they must have some control(presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs, throat, mouth, and larynx. If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like, all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern, since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases. French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries, even though they share the same physiology,"the scientists point out."The French newborns produce ' nonphysiological' rising patterns,"showing that the sound of their cries is under their control.

Although phonemes-speech sounds such as "ki"or"sh"-don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus, so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do. These are the variations in pitch, rhythm, and intensity that characterize each language. Just as newborns remember and prefer actualsongs that they heard in utero, it seems, so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language.

The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech. That acquisition, it is now clear, begins months before birth, probably in the third trimester. Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation patterns of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these patterns in their own [ sound] production,"conclude the scientists. Newborns'"cries are already tuned toward their native language", giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or, presumably, English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages). This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort. Sure, we may come into the world wired for language(thank you, Noam Chomsky), but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language.

Until this study, scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than12 weeks of age. That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound. But that's the beginning of true speech. It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive, remember, and play back, they should look at the sound babies produce best. So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

When does language acquisition begin according to the research?

医师王某，在去年8月至今年6月的执业活动中，为了从个体推销商手中得到好处，多次使用未经批准的药品和消毒药剂，累计获得回扣8205元。根据《执业医师法》的规定，应当依法给予该医师的行政处罚是

在常用的I/O控制方式中，要求主存与I/O设备之间有直接数据通路的方式是（ ）。

国有独资公司不设股东会。（  ）

男，62岁。急性重症胰腺炎患者，于保守治疗中，尿量逐渐减少，无尿2日，出现气促、全身水肿，血压180/92mmHg，心率120/分。听诊闻及两下肺布满细湿啰音，查血钾6.9mmol/L，BUN25.2mmol/L，肌酐577μmmol/L，目前应采取的最有效治疗手段是（    ）。

拿破仑认为，他一生战争胜利的光荣，被滑铁卢一战抹去了，但有一件功绩是永垂不朽的。这里的 “功绩” 指的是 ( )。

上颌突与下颌突未联合或联合不全形成

西周在法制指导思想上的进步是（       ）。