简述集合行为中流言传播的几个特异点。

沈从文宣称其创作宗旨为表现人性之“常”，对此你是怎么理解的。

简述晕轮效应在教育过程中的不良影响。

结合《义务教育物理课程标准（2011年版）》的兰维课程目标，简述物理学史上一例不迷信权威，勇于创新，敢于提出与别人不同见解的史实。

设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计15分钟的英语阅读教学方案。
   该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
   ●teaching objectives
   ●teaching contents
   ●key and difficult points
   ●major steps and time allocation
   ●activities and justifications
   教学时间：15分钟
   学生概况：某城镇普通中学初中三年级（九年级）学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》四级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。
   语言素材：
   Different Customs in Different Countries
   I'm from Colombia; we're pretty relaxed about time. If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it's okay if you arrive a bit late. Spending time with family and friends is very important to us. We often just drop by our friends' homes. We don't usually have to make plans to meet our friends. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!
In Switzerland, it's very important to be on time. We're the land of watches, after all! If someone invites you to meet them at 4:00, you have to be there at 4:00. If you're even fifteen minutes late, your friend may get angry. Also, we never visit a friend's house without calling first. We usually make plan to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.

请叙述并演示地仓、神阙的定位和操作。

已知函数f(x)＝x-alnx(a∈R)

(1)当a＝2时，求曲线y＝f(x)在点A(1,f(1))处的切线方程；

(2)求函数f(x)的极值 。

材料：
李老师是一位教育经验非常丰富的语文老师，在教学中总结了很多教学生识字的技巧：在教学生如何区别“买”“卖”两个字时，李老师告诉学生“多了就卖，少了就买”使学生很快记住了这两个字；针对有的学生把“干燥”写成“干躁”，把“急躁”写成“急燥”，李老师就教学生记住：“干燥防失火，急躁必跺足。”从此以后，学生对这两个字再也不混淆了。
问题：
请运用心理学知识对该材料进行分析。

J曲线效应（J－Curve Effects）[江西财经大学；对外经贸大学；中央财大；东北财大]

用（　　）法来建立心智活动的实践模式需经过两个步骤，即创拟确立模型和检验修正模型，其中第一步是关键。

简述作品分析法的特点。