罗森塔尔效应表明,对学生的学业成绩产生重大影响的是教师的能力。( )
【背景资料】
某公路隧道长2400m,穿越的岩层主要由泥岩和砂岩组成,设计采用新奥法施工,台阶法开挖,复合式衬砌,夹层防水层设计为塑料防水板。洞口段由于洞顶覆盖层较薄,岩隙发育。开挖中地表水从岩石裂隙中渗入洞内,导致该段两次冒顶、塌方。隧道施工采用风管式通风。
案例二
【背景资料】
某机电设备安装公司经邀请招标投标,获得某厂水泥熟料生产线的机电设备安装工程,并与业主签订了施工合同。合同规定了工程范围、工期、质量标准、安全环境要求。其中质量标准和要求按部颁标准执行,主要材料如钢材、电缆、∮50以上的管道阀门等由业主提供,安装现场的协调由安装公司负责等。施工过程中发生下列事件:
事件一:由于安装公司任务饱和,人员机具调动不开,仅派十多名现场管理人员组成项目管理班子,把工程分车间分包给四个均有一定经验的施工队伍,且都有营业执照。其中,主体部分分包给从本单位辞职的一名项目经理带着当年属于本单位的几名技术骨干组成的一个施工队伍。为保证施工质量,分包合同中把质量标准统一提高到企业内控标准,分包单位提出异议。
事件二:施工现场因道路、场地问题经常发生停工窝工,分包单位找安装公司解决,安装公司回复自行协商解决。
事件三:厂区主电缆未按时到场,拖延工期5天,分包单位找安装公司索赔窝工费和要求工期顺延,安装公司认为不是自己造成的,让分包单位直接找业主协商。
事件四:分包单位为抢工期,将业主送至现场的电缆和管道阀门未经检查便施工。
【问题】
【背景资料】
某特大桥主桥为连续刚构桥,桥跨布置为(75+6×120+75)m,桥址区地层从上往下依次为洪积土、第四系河流相的黏土、亚黏土及亚砂土、砂卵石土、软岩。主桥均采用钻孔灌注桩基础,每墩位8根桩,对称布置。其中1号、9号墩桩径均为φ1.5m,其余各墩桩径均为φ1.8m,所有桩长均为72m。施工中发生如下事件:
事件1:该桥位处主河槽宽度270m,4~6号桥墩位于主河槽内,主桥下部结构施工在枯水季节完成,最大水深4.5m。考虑到季节水位与工期安排,主墩搭设栈桥和钻孔平台施工,栈桥为贝雷桥,分别位于河东岸和河西岸,自岸边无水区分别架设至主河槽各墩施工平台,栈桥设计宽度6m,跨径均为12m,钢管桩基础,纵梁采用贝雷桁架、横梁采用工字钢,桥面采用8mm厚钢板,栈桥设计承载能力为60t,施工单位配备有运输汽车、装载机、切割机等设备用于栈桥施工。
事件2:主桥共计16根φ1.5m与56根φ1.8m钻孔灌注桩,均采用同一型号的回旋钻机24h不间断施工,钻机钻进速度均为1.0m/h。钢护筒测量定位与打设下沉到位另由专门施工小组负责,钻孔完成后,每根桩的清孔、下放钢筋笼、安放灌注混凝土导管、水下混凝土灌注、钻机移位及钻孔准备共需2d时间(48h),为满足施工要求,施工单位调集6台回旋钻机,为保证工期和钻孔施工安全,考虑两种钻孔方案,方案一:每个墩位安排2台钻机同时施工;方案二:每个墩位只安排1台钻机施工。
事件3:钻孔施工的钻孔及泥浆循环系统示意图如图7所示,其中D为钻头,E为钻杆,F为钻机回转装置,G为输送管,泥浆循环如图中箭头所示方向。
事件4:3号墩的1号桩基钻孔及清孔完成后,用测深锤测得孔底至钢护筒顶面距离为74m。水下混凝土灌注采用直径为280mm的钢导管,安放导管时,使导管底口距孔底30cm,此时导管总长为76m,由1.5m、2m、3m三种型号的节段连接而成。根据《公路桥涵施工技术规范》要求,必须保证首批混凝土导管埋置深度为1.0m,如图8所示,其中H1为桩孔底至导管底端距离,H2为首批混凝土导管埋置深度,H3为孔内水头(泥浆)顸面至孔内混凝土顶面距离,h1为导管内混凝土高出孔内混凝土顶面的高度,且孔内泥浆顶面与护筒顶面标高持平。混凝土密度为2.4g/cm3,泥浆密度为1.2g/cm3。

事件5:3号墩的1号桩持续灌注3个小时后,用测深锤测得混凝土顸面至钢护筒顸面距离为47.4m,此时已拆除3m导管4节、2m导管5节。
事件6:某桩基施工过程中,施工单位采取了如下做法:(1)钻孔过程中,采用空心钢制钻杆。(2)水下混凝土灌注前,对导管进行压气试压试验。(3)泵送混凝土中掺入泵送剂或减水剂、缓凝剂。(4)灌注混凝土过程中注意测量混凝土顶面高程,灌注至桩顶设计标高时即停止施工。(5)用于桩身混凝土强度评定的混凝土试件置于桩位处现场,与工程桩同条件养护。
[A] Just say it
[B] Be present
[C] Pay a unique compliment
[D] Name, places, things
[E] Find the “me too”s
[F] Skip the small talk
[G] Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.
You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.
Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!
I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.
It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what’s going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.
So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.
So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!
So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.
When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!
【背景资料】某城市跨线桥工程,上部结构为现浇预应力混凝土连续梁,其中主跨跨径为30m并跨越一条宽20m河道;桥梁基础采用直径1.5m的钻孔桩,承台尺寸为12.0mX 7.0mX 2.5m(长×宽×高),承台顶标高为+7.0m,承台边缘距驳岸最近距离为1.5m;河道常水位为+8.0m,河床底标高为+5.0m,河道管理部门要求通航宽度不得小于12m。
工程地质资料反映:地面以下2m为素填土,素填土以下为粉砂土,原地面标高为+10.0m。项目部进场后编制了施工组织设计,并对钻孔桩、大体积混凝土、承重支架模板、预应力张拉等关键分项工程编制了安全专项施工方案。项目部的安全负责人组织项目部施工管理人员进行安全技术交底后开始施工。第一根钻孔桩成孔后进入后续工序施工,二次清孔合格后,项目部通知商品混凝土厂家供应混凝土并准备水下混凝土灌注工作。首批混凝土灌注时发生堵管现象,项目部立即按要求进行了处理。
现浇预应力混凝土连续梁在跨越河道段采用门洞支架,对通行孔设置了安全设施;在河岸两侧采用满布式支架,对支架基础按设计要求进行处理,并明确在浇筑混凝土时需安排专人值守的保护措施。
上部结构施工时,项目部采取如下方法安装钢绞线:纵向长束在混凝土浇筑之前穿入管道;两端张拉的横向束在混凝土浇筑之后穿入管道。
【背景资料】
某大(2)型水库枢纽工程由混凝土面板堆石坝、电站、溢流坝和节制闸等建筑物组成。节制闸共2孔,采用平板直升钢闸板,闸门尺寸为净宽15m ,净高12m ,闸门结构如图1所示。
某市政供热管道工程,工程内容包括新建一条从正在使用的供热主管道至新建住宅小区换热站的供热管道,在主管道规划位置建设管道井,在管道井内的主管道上开孔接入供热主管网。
供热主管道位于城市绿地下。设计用采用顶管法穿越市政道路,穿越道路下面敷设有污水及给水管道,采用人工挖土顶管施工,先顶入DN1000mm混凝土管作为穿越套管,在套管内并排敷设2根DN200mm保温供热管道。顶管工作坑位于公共绿地和住宅小区内,其中1#工作坑利用新建管道井建设。地质勘察资料表明地下水位高于工作坑底面0.5m。
穿越道路工程所在区域的环境条件及地下管线平面布置如下图所示。

【背景资料】
某枢纽工程施工招标文件依据《水利水电工程标准施工招标文件》(2009年版)编制,其中工程量清单采用工程量清单计价规范格式编制。管理房装饰装修工程以暂估价形式列入工程量清单。
投标人甲编制的该标段投标文件正本1份,副本3份,正本除封面、封底、目录和分隔页外的其他页,均只加盖了单位章并由法定代表人的委托代理人签字。
投标人乙中标,并与招标人签订了施工合同。其中,工程项目总价表内容如下表:
合同约定,质量保证金按完工结算价的3%计取,管理房装饰装修工程必须通过招标方式选择承包单位,并允许将外幕墙分包。
管理房装饰装修工程招标中,投标人丙拟将外幕墙分包,填报了拟分包情况表,明确分包项目、工程量、拟投入的人员和设备。