从形式上看，教师的劳动是建立在集体协作基础上的个体脑力劳动。()

【背景资料】A公司中标修建某机场水泥混凝土跑道，飞行指标为4F。跑道长度为3200m，宽度60m。
土基为膨胀土，基层为水泥稳定碎石基层，分两层施工。道面结构为水泥混凝土道面。招标文件中明确要求，要加强对膨胀土的处理。
由于工期紧张，施工单位进场并做必要准备后马上开始施工，被监理工程师制止并要求其限期整改。
施工过程中接到监理工程的变更指令，要求在跑道主降端增加400m的停止道。

Suppose you are working for the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

地铁工程某标段包括A、B两座车站以及两座车站之间的区间隧道(见图3)，区间隧道长1500m，设2座联络通道，隧道埋深为1~2倍隧道直径，地层为典型的富水软土，沿线穿越房屋、主干道路及城市管线等，区间隧道采用盾构法施工，联络通道采用冻结加固暗挖施工。本标段由甲公司总承包，施工过程中发生下列事件：

事件一：甲公司将盾构掘进施工(不含材料和设备)分包给乙公司，联络通道冻结加固施工(含材料和设备)分包给丙公司。建设方委托第三方进行施工环境监测。

事件二：在1＃联络通道暗挖施工过程中发生局部坍塌事故，导致停工10天，直接经济损失100万元。事发后进行了事故调查，认定局部冻结强度不够是导致事故的直接原因。

事件三：丙公司根据调查报告，并综合分析现场情况后决定采取补打冻结孔、加强冻结等措施，并向甲公司项目部和监理工程师进行了汇报。

事件四：在施工用地范围内，施工单位布置了盾构工作井、工作井防雨棚及防淹墙、垂直运输设施、管片堆场。监理工程师要求仍需要补充相关临时设施。

【背景资料】

某城市道路改造工程，随路施工的综合管线有0.4 MPa的DN500中压燃气、DN1000给水管并排铺设在道路下，燃气管道与给水管材均为钢管，实施双管合槽施工。热力隧道工程采用暗挖工艺施工。承包方A公司将工程的其中一段热力隧道工程分包给B公司，并签了分包合同。

1. B公司发现土层松散，有不稳定迹象，但认为根据已有经验和这个土层的段落较短，出于省事省钱的动机，不仅没有进行超前注浆加固等加固措施，反而加大了开挖的循环进尺，试图“速战速决，冲过去”，丝毫未理睬承包方A公司派驻B方现场监督检查人员的劝阻。结果发生隧道塌方事故，造成了3人死亡。

2. 事故调查组在核查B公司施工资格和安全生产保证体系时发现，B公司根本不具备安全施工条件。

知识产权权利的执行措施包括（  ）。

案例（三）

【背景资料】

某水利枢纽工程由电站、泄水闸和土坝组成。泄水闸底板、闸墩均为C30钢筋混凝土结构;土坝为均质土坝，上游设干砌块石护坡，下游设草皮护坡和堆石排水体。工程施工过程中发生如下事件:

事件1:泄水闸施工前，承包人委托有关单位对C30混凝进行配合比试验，确定了配合比(见表2)，并报监理机构批准。

 事件2:泄水闸底板混凝土施工过程中，承包人采用标准坍落度筒(上口口径100mm，下口口径200mm，高度300mm的截头圆锥筒)对混凝落度进行测定测定结果如图3所示。

事件3:承包人在泄水闸闸墩施工过程中，对闸墩的模板安装、钢筋制作及安装等工序按照《水利水电工程单元工程施工质量验收评定标准混凝土工程》SL632-2012进行了施工质量验收评定。

事件4:承包人组织有关人员对闸墩混凝土出现的竖向裂缝在工程质量缺陷备案表中进行了如实填写，并报监理机构备案，作为工程竣工验收备查资料。工程质量缺陷备案表填写内容包括质量缺陷产生的部位、原因等。

事件5:土坝坝面作业中，承包人进行了铺土、平土、铺筑反滤层及质量检查等工序作业。

The growth of the use of English as the world’s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. (46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

Complex international, economic, technological and cultural changes could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breadth of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47) His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.

David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48) many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.

If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other languages such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

(49) The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to the UK’s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly £1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exports earn up to £10 billion a year more. As the international education  market  expands,  the  recent  slowdown  in  the  numbers of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant: (50) It gives a basis for all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English, a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

营业权具有哪些特点？(  )

【背景资料】某内河航道整治护岸工程，施工主要内容有：土方开挖、钢丝网石笼垫护坡、脚槽开挖、脚槽砌石、浆砌石坡顶明沟、干砌石枯水平台、混凝土联锁块软体排护底、抛压排石及对水下原始地形坡比陡于1：2.5的区域抛枕补坡，其中护底排设计搭接宽度为6m,补坡要在沉排前实施，最后进行坡顶明沟施工，1+700 典型断面示意图见图2-1。

根据施工计划，项目部于某年10月1日开始水上沉混凝土联锁块软体排。10月18日,在进行1+700断面沉排施工时，施工至70m处出现排体撕裂，铺排船随即停止施工，经测量撕排处泥面高程为16.5m (黄海平均海平面，下同)，项目部上报补排方案，经监理批准后，于10月20日进行了补排施工，10月份施工区实测水位过程线见图2-2。

施工过程中，水运工程质量安全督查组对施工单位进行了质量安全督查，施工单位按照督查反馈意见和要求，在限期内逐一进行 了整改落实。

常某驾车途中超速行驶，汽车右前大灯部位与横过马路的行人卜某碰撞，致使卜某当场死亡。肇事后，常某在驾车逃离现场约2公里处，在同车人的劝说下，停车打电话报警，并留在原地接受处理。经交警部门勘察认定，常某负事故的全部责任。此案中，（       ）。