【背景资料】
南方平原地区某一快速通道公路位于滨海区域，气候多雨，公路起讫桩号为K0+000～K30+000，线形平顺，双向六车道，无中央分隔带。行车道总宽度为B，每个车道宽度为3.75m.该公路为旧路改建，设计标高为公路中线位置。该工程采用柔性路面面层，基层采用半刚性基层，路面结构设计示意图如图4-1所示。为加强路面横向排水，路面横坡采用改进的三次抛物结型路拱，平均路拱横坡i=2%，路拱大样示意图及其计算公式如图4-2所示：

施工过程中发生了如下事件：
事件一：施工单位段公路施工标准化的要求，修建了沥青混合料拌合站，配置了1台拌合机、3个沥青罐、冷热集料仓各5个。按施工标准化要求设置了下列标识标牌：拌合站简介牌、混合料配合比牌、材料标识牌、操作规程牌、消防保卫牌、安全警告警示牌。拌台站简介牌应标识的主要内容有：供应主要构造物情况及质量保证体系。；拌合站采用封闭式管理，四周设置围墙及排水沟，入口处设置彩门及值班室。
事件二：施工单位依托母体试验室组建了工地试验室。母体试验室具有交通运输部公路水运工程试验检测机构等级证书中的综合乙级资质证书，为加强土地试验室外委管理，要求外委试验的检测机构应具备相应的资质和条件，工地试验室应将具有关证书复印件存档备案，施工单位还制定了如下管理要求：①工地试验室超出母体检测机构受权范围的试验检测项目和参数，必须进行外委，外委试验应向监理单位报备；②外委试验取样、送样过程应进行见证，工地试验室应对外委试验结果进行确认；③工程建设项目的同一合同段中的施工、监理单位和检测机构应该将外委试验委托给同一家检测机构。

下列有关本票，说法正确的是 ( )。

因张电公司没有履行生效法律文书确定的义务，下列哪些选项符合法律和司法解释规定的执行措施？（          ）

上官夫妇目前均刚过35岁，打算20年后即在55岁时退休，估计夫妇俩退休后第一年的生活费用为8万元（退休后每年初从退休金中取出当年的生活费用）。考虑到通货膨胀的因素，夫妇俩每年的生活费用预计会以每年4%的速度增长。夫妇俩退休后还可以生存25年，现在拟用20万元作为退休基金的启动资金，并计划开始每年年末投入一笔固定的资金用于退休基金的积累。夫妇俩在退休前采取较为积极的投资策略，假定年回报率为6%，退休后采用较为保守的投资策略，假定年回报率为4%。请回答以下问题：

（三）李先生的孩子现在8岁，正在上小学，离他上大学还有10年。目前情况来看，出国留学累计需要花费30万元，李先生目前有生息资产10万元，年投资回报率6%，教育费用每年增加8%。

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges, including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)_______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

(42)_______This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 20(43)_______

When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium  is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44)_______This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that the system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)_______That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

[A] These issues all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

[B] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social- science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.

[C] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.

[D] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline- oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.

[E] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.

[F] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

[G] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

某二级公路工程K20+855～K20+985为软土地基路段，设计采用水泥粉煤灰碎石桩（CFG桩）+30cm厚水泥土（水泥掺量5%）进行软基处理，CFG桩软基处理示意图如图1所示。

图1 CFG桩软基处理示意图（图中尺寸以cm计）
施工单位采用振动沉管灌注法施工CFG桩，施工工序为：原地表处理→A→沉管机就位→下沉至设计深度→停机→泵送混合料→拔管→B。施工中发生以下事件：
事件1：CFG桩施工前进行了成桩试验，确定了施工工艺、质量标准及相关参数。
事件2：施工技术人员提出CFG桩的部分施工技术要求如下：
（1）沉管至设计高程后应尽快投料。
（2）首次投料应使管内混合料超灌高度不小于0.5m。
（3）当遇淤泥层时，适当放慢拔管速 度，每拔管2m后应反插不小于0.3m再拔管。
事件3：经检查，CFG桩软基处理的桩径、桩长、强度等项目符合要求，施工单位利用挖方路段土方外掺5%水泥填筑30cm厚水泥土层。软基处理结束后进行路基填筑，该路段路基设计填高H的平均值为2.6m。

Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.

(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything--a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.

This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.

The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.

(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals

二、刘某经人介绍于2018年6月1日到甲公司上班。双方口头约定了工资待遇及2个月试用期等事项。2018年11月1日双方签订了书面劳动合同，约定了2年期限劳动合同及刘某提前解除劳动合同应承担的违约金等内容。2019年8月因公司未及时足额支付劳动报酬。刘某解除了劳动合同，要求公司支付拖欠的劳动报酬及解除劳动合同的经济补偿金。甲公司则以劳动合同未到期以及提前解除劳动合网已给公司造成经济损失为由，要求刘某支付违约金并赔偿经济损失。双方因此发生劳动争议。已知，刘某在甲公司实行标准工时制.

要求根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列小题：

专设销售机构固定资产发生的修理费应计入管理费用。（  ）

2020年8月，某施工单位承接了一项直埋线路工程。施工前，施工单位按照施工预算确定了项目所需人材机用量并配置施工资源；在路由部分接头位置埋设1m长标石并安装了对地绝缘检测装置如图1:

在某处施工中，施工单位按照设计要求在线路路由斜坡上制作了如下所示设施：

施工过程中，出现部分质量不合格情况，施工单位采用调查分析法进行分析，并填写相应调查表；