《小学教师专业标准(试行)》提出小学教师专业标准的基本理念是师德为先、学生为本、能力为重、终身学习。()
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European university. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.
(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
案例(五):某大型施工单位承接了某运营商的一项管道光缆线路工程,工程的工作内容和各个工序的持续时间见表5所示。
施工单位项目部按照图5所示的施工序关系编制施工进度计划,但计划工期不能满足施工合同要求,监理单位要求项目部重新编制施工进度计划。
项目部与运营商确认后,根据工程特点和施工资源情况,采用流水作业方法优化进度计划:将B.C.F三工作平均分为B1B2B3.C1C2C3.F1F2F3依次完成,每类工作各有一个队伍依次完成,三类工作全部完成后才开始G工作。此方案得到了建设单位的批准。
在施工中发生了以下事件:
事件1:由于光纤测试仪表进场原因,E工作最早开始时间推迟9天。
事件2:工程进行到第20天,因道路维修,光缆仓库发货受阻,要停工2天。
背景资料:
某施工单位中标了某市地铁项目的一个标段,施工内容包括一个车站和1km的区间隧道,站台形式为岛式站台。车站附近地面建筑物较多,场地有限,所以设计采用明挖有围护结构施工方法,车站基坑开挖断面图如图1-1所示,采用地下连续墙围护结构,设置三道内支撑,第一道为钢筋混凝土支撑,第二道为钢管支撑,第三道为钢管支撑。地面标高为20.50m,地下水位位于10.50m处。区间隧道施工采用浅埋暗挖法施工。

项目部进场后,根据施工图纸和现场实际情况编制了施工组织设计,并按照规定流程审批完成,施工过程中发生了以下事件:
事件一:基坑开挖过程中,加强对围护结构及周围环境的监测。
事件二:隧道开挖形式采用台阶开挖法,两个施工队从两个方向相向开挖。隧道衬砌采用复合式衬砌,衬砌结构由初期支护、防水层和二次衬砌组成,防水层由塑料防水板和缓冲层组成。
背景资料:
政府投资的淮江湖行洪区退水闸为大型工程,财政批复概算约3亿元,某招标代理机构组织了此次招标工作。在招标文件审查会上,专家甲、乙、丙、丁、戊分别提出了如下建议:
甲:为了防止投标人哄抬报价,建议招标文件规定投标报价超过标底5%为否决投标的条件。
乙:建议招标文件规定投标报价超过注册资本金5倍的为废标。
丙:开标是招标工作的重要环节,建议招标文件规定投标人的法定代表人或委托代理人不参加开标会的,视为默认开标结果。
丁:招标人可以确定评标委员会推荐的任意的候选人为中标人。
戊:地方政府实施的征地移民工作进度难以控制,建议招标文件专用合同条款中规定,由于地方政府的原因未能及时提供施工现场的,招标人不承担违约责任。
招标文件完善后进行发售,在规定时间内,投标人递交了投标文件。其中,投标人甲在投标文件中提出将弃渣场清理项目进行分包,并承诺严格管理分包单位,不允许分包单位再次分包,且分包单位项目管理机构人员均由本单位人员担任。经过评标、定标、该投标人中标,与发包人签订了总承包合同,并与分包单位签订了弃渣场清理项目分包合同,相应的单价分析表如下。

招标文件规定仅对水泥部分进行价格调整,价格调整按价格调整公式。工程实施过程中,某月经监理审核的结算数据如下:已完成原合同工程量清单金额300万元,扣回预付款10万元,变更金额6万元(未按现行价格计价),价格指数和权重如下表:

【背景资料】
某新建水闸工程,发包人依据《水利水电工程标准施工招标文件》(2009年版)编制施工招标文件,发包人与承包人签订的施工合同约定,合同工期8个月,签约合同价为1280万元。
监理人向承包人发出的开工通知中载明的开工时间为第一年10月1日。闸室施工内容包括基坑开挖,闸底板垫层混凝土、闸墩混凝土、闸底板混凝土、闸门安装及调试、门槽二期混凝土、底槛及导轨等埋件安装、闸上公路桥等项工作,承包人编制经监理人批准的闸室施工进度计划见图3(每月按30天计,不考虑工作之间的搭接)。
施工中发现如下事件:
事件1:承包人收到发包人提供的测量基准点等相关资料后,开展了施工测量,并将施工控制网资料提交监理人审批。
事件2:经监理人确认的截至第一年12月底、第二年3月底累计完成合同工程价款分别为475万元和1060万。
事件3:水闸工程合同工程完工验收后,承包人向监理人提交了完工付款申请单,并提供了相关证明材料。