中华民国南京国民政府的法律体系由下列哪些部分构成?( )
(九)联科集团是北京市一家发展迅速的高科技企业,为了使职工更大程度地参与企业管理和企业效益分配,增强职工的凝聚力和向心力,鼓励职工爱岗敬业,在企业长期工作,公司老板张总计划制定年金计划,但是对于年金不是很了解,理财师就相关问题进行了解释。
根据以上材料回答(1)~(3)题。
【背景资料】
某施工单位承接了某高速公路路基M合同段工程施工,该区段设计车速120km/h,平均挖深19m,路基宽度26m,其中K25+300~K25+520为石质路堑。
K25+700~K25+900段为填方路段。
该区段岩石为石炭系硅质灰岩,岩石较坚硬,多为厚层构造,局部呈薄层状构造,裂隙发育。要求路堑采用钻爆开挖,对开挖石渣尽可能提高利用率,正好利用挖方材料作为填方路段的填料。
施工单位编制了公路路堑石方爆破专项施工方案,主要内容包括:工程概况、编制依据、施工计划等。
爆破设计方案摘要如下:
(1)边坡采用预裂爆破,路基主体尽量采用深孔爆破,局部采用钢钎炮,药壶炮等方法。
(2)边坡预裂爆破孔间距为1m,采用“方格型”布置,按水平方向控制炮杆位置,路基主体内炮孔间距4m,采用“梅花型”均匀布置。
(3)爆破顺序采用从上至下的分两层台阶,顺路线方向纵向推进爆破。
(4)放炮前设专人警戒,爆破后15min后才能进入现场,检查处理盲炮和危石。
(5)炮眼装药后采用金属杆件捣实,填塞砂土堵塞炮孔。
爆破设计方案报主管部门审批时未通过,退回后由施工单位重新修改。
施工单位根据施工爆破方案、工程量、施工进度计划、施工质量要求、现有机械技术状况等配置了潜孔钻机、浅孔凿岩机等机械设备。
施工完成后,对路基工程进行了质量检验,其中针对K25+700~K25+900路段,实测了弯沉、纵断高程、中线偏位、宽度、横坡。
【背景资料】
某机场工程承包公司在机坪扩建工程中浇筑机场道面混凝土时,第五周计划和实际完成的工程量、单价、损耗率如表1所示,目标材料费436800元,实际材料费为451205元,比目标增加14405元。
表1商品混凝土目标成本与实际成本对比表
项目 | 单位 | 第五周计划 | 第五周实际 | 项目 | 单位 | 第五周计划 | 第五周实际 |
工程量 | m3 | 600 | 620 | 损耗率 | % | 4 | 2.5 |
单价 | 元/m3 | 700 | 710 | 材料费 | 元 | 436800 | 451205 |
(五)背景资料
施工单位承担了一矿井井底车场的施工任务。开工前,项目经理部编制了施工组织设计,内容包括施工方案、资源供应计划、施工进度计划网络图、质量保证措施、安全保证措施等。加强了施工现场的准备工作,特别加强了井底车场巷道多头快速掘进的各项工作统筹考虑,使得施工任务顺利进行。
井底车场平面布置示意图部分内容如图1所示,相应的施工进度计划网络图如图2所示,关键线路上的工作由同一个工作队完成,各工作的作业时间均不可压缩。

施工中发生如下事件:
事件1:工程进行60d,施工单位月度检查时重点检查了进度计划执行情况,发现:副井重车线1(工作A)和变电所通道(工作D)已完工;副井重车线2(工作L)已完成其工程量的60%;副井空车线(工作B)已完成其工程量的80%;中央变电所(工作E)由于设计变更,尚未开始作业,预计完成设计变更还需要10d。施工单位考虑到工作E的延误将导致后续工作中央泵房(工作J)和泵房通道(工作K)不能正常完成,工程不能按时交付,与各工作队协商并在监理工程师的指令下调整了进度计划,以满足工期要求。经施工单位计算,工作E的延误导致的窝工费和机械设备台班折旧费为30万元,按照调整后进度计划施工将增加投入8万元。
事件2:由于建设单位提供设计资料不及时,导致外水仓(工作H)延误10d,已提前运至现场的施工机械台班折旧费损失2万元,窝工费15万元。
事件3:今年年初,由于新冠肺炎疫情影响,施工人员隔离观察,导致机械设备台班折旧费为15万元,观察期间施工人员支出5万元,用于工程的消杀费用3万元,工期影响了14天。
针对事件1~事件3,施工单位向建设单位提出了索赔。
【背景资料】A省B市C县某铁矿拟对尾矿库进行加高扩容工程四期建设,2021年1月,该铁矿委托某安全评价公司完成了《安全预评价报告》,2021年1月24日,该矿组织专家对《安全预评价报告》进行了评审并予以通过。2021年3月,该矿委托某设计院出具《变更安全设施设计》。2021年4月,有关安全生产监督管理机关组织通过了《变更安全设施设计》评审。2021年4月25日该矿以包工包料形式委托给乙方组织施工。
2021年5月10日开始施工。2022年3月11日中班,乙方项目部安排朱某、成某等6名工人,在坝上进行膜袋灌沙、扎口及排水作业18时30分,甲方夜班巡坝工严某、郭某按照班组管理制度要求,到达现场进行了正常交接班,2人均按照巡检周期(2h)对坝体进行巡查一次,巡查过程中未见异常情况。12日凌晨2时10分正在进行膜袋施工的朱某和成某,发现其所处工作区域(北部)的坝体开始下沉。凌晨2时20分,郭某再次上坝检查时,发现尾矿库西北段坝体溃塌,立刻向调度员李某报告,李某立即向车间主任张某报告。事故发生后,B市政府第一时间启动应急响应。溃口于3月24日实现合拢,开始进入坝面调平加高阶段,基本完成尾矿坝临时处置工程。
事故淹没下游鱼塘近400亩,造成下游居民2人死亡,1人失联。
经事故调查发现:尾矿库坝体溃坝段底部为采空区,采空区的顶板花岗闪长岩经长期风化侵蚀而坍塌,上部地层下陷,造成坝体失稳,导致事故发生。事故造成的经济损失包括,人员医疗费用120万元、抚恤费200万元、处理溃坝对水源污染费用1500万元、清理事故现场费用800万元、居民家属救济费用130万元、事故罚款130万元、企业停产损失600万元。
根据以上场景,回答下列问题(1~2题为单选题,3~5题为多选题):
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. 44._______________.
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.
[E]Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
[G]For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.