【背景资料】
某群体工程由甲乙丙三个独立的单体建筑组成，预制装配式混凝土结构。每个单体均有四个施工过程：基础、主体结构、二次结构、装饰装修。每个单体作为一个施工段，四个施工过程采用四个作业队组织无节奏流水施工。三个单体各施工过程流水节拍如表1。总工期最短的流水施工进度计划如图1-1。
表1三个单体各施工过程流水节拍表
政府主管部门检查《建设工程质量检测管理办法》（住房和城乡建设部第7号令）执行情况：施工单位委托了监理单位控股的具有检测资质的检测机构负责工程的质量检测工作，建设单位按照合同采用一批钢材时，要求钢材供应商在总承包单位材料人员见证下，从其货场对该批钢材取样送检，检测合格后送到施工现场使用。要求相关单位对存在的问题进行整改。总承包，项目部预制剪力墙板施工记录中留存有包含施工放线。墙板起吊、安装就位、临时支撑、连接灌浆等施工工序的图像资料，详见图1-2~图1-6。资料显示，墙板安装就位后，通过可调临时支撑和垫片调整墙板安装偏差满足规范要求。
【背景资料】
某施工单位承接了一座桥梁施工任务，桥梁上部结构采用先张法预制梁板。项目部在施工场布置了临时预制场。并采用“自行式吊机架设法”架设预制梁。施工中的主要材料由施工单位自行采购。在预制和架设中，有如下事件发生：
事件1：进场钢筋必须进行分批验收，分别堆存，不得混杂，且应设立识别标志。钢筋在运输过程中，应避免锈蚀和污染。钢筋宜堆置在仓库（棚）内，露天堆置时，应垫高并加遮盖
事件2：钢筋应按现行国家标准和试验方法的规定，或经监理人批准采用国际上的相应标准，对桥涵所用的钢筋应抽取试样做力学性能试验。试验室由施工单位自己选定。
事件3：在施工中，由于钢筋购买的问题，需要进行部分重要结构中的主钢筋进行代换，项目部总工进行验算后，决定按照代换的钢筋提交购买计划。同时，对于增加的费用，拟向业主提出价格调整的申请。
事件4：预应力筋的下料长度应通过计算确定，计算时应考虑了结构的孔道长度或台座长度、锚夹具厚度、千斤顶长度等因素
问题：
It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.
We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world,” or we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.
Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.
甲企业为增值税一般纳税人，适用的增值税税率为 13%，每月月初发放上月工资，2019 年 12 月 1 日，“应付职工薪酬”科目贷方余额为 33 万元。该企业 2019 年 12 月发生职工薪酬业务如下：
（1）5 日，结算上月应付职工薪酬 33 万元。其中代扣代交的职工个人所得税 1.5 万元。代扣为职工垫付的房租 0.5 万元。实际发放职工薪酬 31 万元。
（2）31 日，企业以其生产的 M 产品作为非货币性福利发放给车间生产人员。该批产品不含税的市场售价为50 万元。实际生产成本为 40 万元。
（3）31 日，对本月职工工资分配的结果如下：车间生产人员 14 万元。车间管理人员 5 万元。企业行政管理人员 2 万元。专设销售机构人员 9 万元。
（4）31 日，企业计提本月基本养老保险费、基本医疗保险费等社会保险费共计 17.7 万元。计提本月住房公积金 8.85 万元。要求：
根据上述资料，不考虑其他因素，分析回答下列问题。（答案中的金额单位用万元表示）
1. 根据期初资料和资料（1），下列各项中，企业结算职工薪酬的相关会计处理正确的是（ ）。
马先生夫妇今年都刚过40岁，年收入20万元左右，打算60岁退休，估计夫妇退休后第一年生活费为10万元，通货膨胀率为3%，预计寿命可达80岁，并且现在拿出10万元作为退休基金的启动资金。夫妻俩均享受国家基本养老保险，退休后夫妻俩每年能拿到大约4万元退休金。夫妻俩在退休前采取较为积极的投资策略，假定回报率为6%，退休后采取较为保守的投资策略，假定回报率为3%。
根据以上材料回答下题。
【背景资料】某桥梁工程由某公路建设工程公司中标承建。该桥梁下部结构为 φ 1.2m 钻孔灌注桩，上部结构采用悬臂法施工。
施工过程中发生如下事件：
事件 1：施工中，根据灌注混凝土的实际情况，项目部及时采取了相应措施：
(1)考虑到灌注时间较长，在混凝土中加入缓凝剂。为避免混凝土离析，混凝土坍落度控制在 10～15cm。
(2)首批混凝土灌注后埋置导管的深度为 1．2m，在随后的灌注过程中，导管 的埋置深度为 1． 5m。
(3)在终孔之后，对孔位、孔径进行检验。
事件 2：项目经理部决心精心组织、科学施工，搞好现场技术质量管理，做了包括如下环节的工作：
(1)项目经理部由总工程师组织进行了技术交底；
(2)项目部接受导线控制点、水准控制点的桩位后，及时复测，将复测结果报勘察设计单位批准。
事件 3：施工单位为本桥配置了以下主要施工机械和设备：反循环钻机、混凝土高压泵、混凝土搅拌站、塔吊、载人电梯、悬臂式掘进机、架桥机、预应力张拉成套设备、爬模设备、 钢模板、钢护筒、挂篮设备。
事件 4：台背填筑时，采用与桥头引道一致的黏土作为台背填料，并对进场的填料进行检验， 采用水平分层填筑方法填筑，分层压实厚度 20cm，用夯压机械进行夯实，每层夯实完工后 进行自检合格并报监理工程师验收后回填下一层。
案例四【背景资料】
A公司承包商务园区电气工程，工程内容10/0.4-LN9731型变电所、供电线路、室内电气。主要设备（三项变压器、开关柜）由建设单位采购，设备已经运抵施工现场，其他设备材料由A公司采购。A公司依据施工图、资源配置计划编制了10/0.4-LN9731型变电所安装工作的逻辑关机及持续时间图。
A公司将3000m电缆排管分包给B公司，预计单价130元/m,工期30天，B公司签订合同后第15天结束前，A公司检查电缆排管施工进度，B公司完成电缆排管1000m，但支付B公司工程款累计已达200000元，A公司对B公司警告，要求加快进度。
A公司对B公司进行质量管理协调，编制质量检验计划于电缆排管施工进度计划一致，A公司检查电缆型号、规格、绝缘电阻和绝缘试验均符合要求，在电缆排管检查合格后按施工图进行电缆敷设，供电线路设计要求完成。
变电所设备安装后，变压器及高压电器进行交接试验，在额定电压下对变电器进行冲击合闸验收三次，每次间隔时间3min，无异常现象。A公司认为交接试验合格，被监理工程师提出异议，要求重新进行冲击合闸试验。
建设单位要求变电所单独验收，给商务园区供电，A公司整理变电所工程验收资料，在试运行验收中，由一台变压器运行噪音较大，经有关部门检查分析及A公司提供施工文件证明，不属于安装质量问题，后经变压器厂家调整处理通过验收。
Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel
Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.
The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.
When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.
There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy airtraffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.
It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to coordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight.
As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.
