【背景资料】某矿业工程公司承担了一铅锌矿的施工。该矿位于山区，矿井工业场地东侧有一河流，沿河流向下2km处为一村庄。矿井施工过程中，初期废石用于平垫工业广场以及修建道路，后期运送到废石场地存放；废石场地临近河流。矿井临近竣工移交时，河流下游村庄所属政府部门找到施工单位，要求施工单位进行赔偿，具体内容如下：
（1）由于铅锌矿废石堆放距离河流太近，下雨使废石中的有害物质排放到河流中，使下游村庄不能使用河水作为生活用水，要求赔偿开挖地下水作为生活用水的全部费用。
（2）由于矿井施工利用废石修建道路，废石中含有铅会影响儿童智力发育，要求赔偿相关的医疗费用，并要求对相关遗留问题进行处理。
（3）矿井施工破坏了当地的旅游资源，要求赔偿由此造成的损失每年240万元。
（4）矿井施工生活污水直接向河流排放，需要每年缴纳罚款60万元。
施工单位认为，有关环境影响问题应由建设单位负责，矿井有环保相关设施，关于废石排放的处理设施必须等工程竣工后才能投入使用，施工期间的问题应由建设单位解决，只愿意承担施工生活污水排放的罚款；而建设单位又以所有建设手续合法，责任明确为由，不承担相关的费用。

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.

Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.

But there is also a different way to look at the data.

Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.

For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers – and upward pressure  on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm. “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing,” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.

At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work- placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.

At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating,” he says.

But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.

These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 20When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”

Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives,” she says.

【背景资料】某住宅小区工程，地下1 层，地上 14~23 层不等，总建筑面积 5.6 万 ㎡。施工总承包企业中标后组建项目部进场施工。项目部依据实用性、安全性和经济性等模板工程设计原则，针对不同的工程结构或构件分别采用了砖胎模、铝合金模板、钢大模板和胶合板模板等模板体系。各类模板体系施工记录图片见图 1-1～图 1-4。

图 1-1

图   1-2

图 1-3

图 1-4

开工前，项目部编制了施工组织总设计，监理工程师审核后，指出施工总平面图设计要求有以下不妥之处：

1.危险品仓库远离现场单独设置，距在建工程不小于10m；

2.工作有关联的加工厂适当分散布置；

3.货物装卸时间长的仓库靠近路边；

4.主干道单行循环，兼作消防车道，宽度 3.5m。

项目部遵循“先准备、后开工 ”，“先地下、后地上 ”等施工顺序，编制了某单位工程施工进度计划网络图见图 1-5。施工中先后发生如下事件：设计变更增加工作量，使 C 工作延长 2周：当地持续暴雨无法施工，使 E 工作延长 1 周；采用新技术，使 K 工作压缩 2 周。项目部及时对施工进度计划进行了调整。

项目工程师根据《危险性较大的分部分项工程专项施工方案编制指南》制定了塔式起重机安装拆除专项施工方案，主要内容包含工程概况、编制依据、管理及作业人员配备和分工验收要求、计算书及相关图纸等。编制完成后报送企业技术部门审核企业技术负责人指出，塔式起重机附着仅验算了附墙耳板各部位的强度、附着杆强度和稳定性，要求补充完整后重新报审。

【案例一】某采石场开采地点距国道大桥16.7m，1987年采石场由村办企业转为乡镇企业，王某某承包经营该场，破碎车间由李某某承包作为负责人兼安全员。1989年7月，由于该采石场在出事故地点的开采处已经形成明显伞檐，王某某发现李某某在原开采点和出事地点两处之间进行开采，就通知李某某停采李某某拒不执行，王某某认为李某已承包没有强行制止。1989年8月29日下午上班后，李某某将18名生产人员安排在此处从下部掏采。16时15分进行爆破后，在未检查清理爆破现场的情况下，李某某就令工人开始生产作业，此时工地左上方伞檐岩中一块弧长22.5m，约50m³的岩石突然脱落，造成10人死亡，重伤4人，轻伤4人，直接经济损失高达1110万余元。

商朝时期的法律又被称为(   )。

【背景资料】 A 公司承接一项 DN1000mm 天然气管线工程，管线全长 4.5km，设计压力 4.0MPa，材质 L485，除穿越一条宽度为 50m 的非通航河道采用泥水平衡法顶管施工外，其余均采用开凿明挖施工，B 公司负责该工程的监理工作。工程开工前，A 公司查勘了施工现场，调查了地下设施，管线和周边环境，了解水文地质情况后，建议将顶管法施工改为水平定向钻施工，经建设单位同意后办理了变更手续，A 公司编制了水平定向钻施工专项方案。建设单位组织了包含 B 公司总工程师在内的 5 名专家对专项方案进行了论证，项目部结合论证意见进行了修改，并办理了审批手续。 为顺利完成穿越施工，参建单位除研究设定钻进轨迹外，还采用专业浆液现场配制泥浆液，以便在定向钻穿越过程中起到如下作用：软化硬质土层、调整钻进方向、制泥浆液、为泥浆马达提供保护。 项目部按所编制的穿越施工专项方案组织施工，施工完成后在投入使用前进行了管道功能性试验。

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should

(1) describe the picture briefly,

(2) interpret its intended meaning, and

(3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.

The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)____________.

The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.

But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)_____________I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realize that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.

All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)_________________

For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)______________

Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.

(45)__________________

What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.

[A]. Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.

[B]. Applications like tumblr.com, which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.

[C]. Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.

[D]. This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.

[E]. The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.

[F]. One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.

[G]. The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.

【背景资料】
某施工单位承接了室内设备安装工程，包括机房内光缆施工、设备安装及电源柜安装测试，工程采用GYTA 24B1.3光缆。工程中计划投入如下仪器仪表，如表1：

本工程开关电源设备面板图及GPS天线安装示意图如下所示：


在机房内光缆成端时，操作人员在上表中选择了5种常用测试仪表和工具，并按标准色谱顺序完成机房内光缆成端。

甲超市的下列进项税额中，不得从销项税额中抵扣的是（   ）。

背景资料：

某公司承接一条市政道路新建工程，新建道路包括一座单跨简支梁桥，新修一条D800mm钢筋混凝土雨水管道。为保证项目按期完工，项目部将路段划分2个施工段组织流水施工，项目部拟定的初始施工进度计划如下图（单位：天）。

项目部在审查施工进度计划图时认为进度计划安排不合理，提出了优化方案，即先施工“Ⅱ段道路” 再施工“Ⅰ段道路” 顺序组织施工，其他工作逻辑关系不变，各项工作持续时间不变。新计划获得批准后，项目部按其组织施工。

施工过程中发生如下事件：

事件一：Ⅱ段道路下管道施工时，施工单位为了赶工期，采用机械开挖沟槽，验槽时发现，局部地区地基出现超挖，超挖深度最大为150mm，下部坚硬，无地下水。施工单位依据设计文件进行基底处理，为此损失工期3d。

事件二：Ⅱ段道路基层（F工作）施工时，由于不可抗力，使得一台施工机械损坏，导致持续时间比原来延长了6d。

事件三：建设单位变更设计，未及时向施工单位提供桥梁施工图纸，使桥梁施工（G工作）比实际开始时间晚了220d。